| Objective:To investigate the renal injury and kidney stones of experimental pigs induced by melamine and cyanuric acid.Methods:12pigs were divided into4groups randomly.3pigs per group:control group, Group A (low concentration melamine group,2563mg/kg melamine in feed), Group B (high concentration melamine group,25630mg/kg melamine based on mean tolerance limit), Group C (melamine-cyanuric acid group,2563mg/kg respectively).The pigs have been administrated by gavage for3months. Fed pigs were detected serum creatinine, urea nitrogen when pigs were administrated every month of administration ceased. All pigs were euthanized by bloodletting method to observed renal pathological change.Results:1、Weight:The average weight before administration:control group4.23±0.12kg. group A4.13±0.15kg, group B4.13±0.21kg, group C4.13±0.15kg; At1month after administration, the body weight control group7.57±0.38kg, group A7.57±0.38kg, group B11.40±0.96kg, group C15.27±0.64kg; At2month after administration, the body weight control group11.40±0.96kg, group A11.63±0.57kg, group B11.13±0.42kg, group C4.90±0.36kg; At3month after administration, the body weight control group15.27±0.64kg, group A15.00±0.20kg, group B14.57±0.25kg, group C5.57±0.40kg; Control group and melamine group increased, on the other hand the body weight of C group decreased significantly, and the fur of some pigs become withered and yellow.2, The average level of serum creatinine before administration:control group75.67±1.16umol/L, group A75.33±1.16umol/L, group B71.67±2.52umol/L, group C72.67±2.52umol/L;The average serum creatinine after administration for1month: control group79.00±1.00umol/L, group A77.33±4.93umol/L, group B75.67±5.51umol/L, group C215.33±5.03umol/L;The average serum creatinine after administration for2months:control group85.00±4.58umol/L, group A74.67±5.50umol/L, group B77.33±6.66umol/L, group C233.33±11.02umol/L;The average serum creatinine after administration for3months:control group81.33±3.79umol/L, group A79.00±1.00umol/L, group B78.33±1.53umol/L, group C225.67±7.10umol/L;Compared with other groups, serum creatinine level in group C increased.There were no statistical differences in other groups.The average level of urea nitrogen before administration:control group3.05±0.06mmol/L, group A2.96±0.09mmol/L, group B3.02±0.09mmol/L, group C3.08±0.06mmol/L;The average urea nitrogen after administration for1month: control group3.47±0.22mmol/L, group A3.57±0.28mmol/L, group B3.57±0.20mmol/L, group C27.06±0.57mmol/L;The average urea nitrogen after administration for2months:control group3.35±0.25mmol/L, group A3.38±0.18mmol/L, group B3.49±0.10mmol/L, group C34.44±2.26mmol/L;The average urea nitrogen after administration for3months:control group3.26±0.24mmol/L, group A3.28±0.11mmol/L, group B3.37±0.13mmol/L, group C33.15±2.52mmol/L;Compared with other groups, urea nitrogen level in group C increased.There were no statistical differences in other groups.3. CT examination of kidney in Diannan smalleared postweaning pigs:the shape of kidney show little abnormal.There are no high density shadow like stone and no hydronephrosisimaging findings.4.The volume of kidney swelled in group C and the color of kidney become yellow.HE staining show:There were no abnormal in control group and glomerular infiltration of lymphocytes were observed in group A. Renal tubular edema, epithelial shedding and the formation of stone crystals were observed in some kidneys of group B.In group C, renal tubular edema, epithelial shedding were more severe in all kidneys, stone of crystallization can be observed.Conclusion:1.There are no obvious pathological kidney lesions and crystal stones when low dose of melamine been administrated for3months;2.There are pathological kidney lesions but no crystal stones when high dose of melamine have been administrated for3months;3.Melamine and cyanuric acid can induce kidney lesions and formation of crystal stones when administrated to experimental pigs for3months. |
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