Identification Of Non-neoplastic And Neoplastic Gastric Polyps Based On Nonlinear Optics

Gastric polyps are sessile or pedunculated lessons that originate in gastric epithelium or submucosa and protrude into the stomach lumen. They are considered as important precursor lesions as result of malignant potential. Their malignant potential is usually correlated to histological type, so accurate identification of their types are necessary. Multiphoton microscopy based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) is one of the most important recent inventions in biological imaging. Compared with traditional optical imaging, MPM has several advantages including higher resolution, deeper penetration depth, inherent optical sectioning and less phototoxicity. And it can be employed for imaging biological tissue at the cellular level. In this paper, we used MPM to image the microstructure of gastric polyps, including fundic gland polyps, hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory fibroid polyps and adenomas, then compared with gold-standard hematoxylin-eosin(H-E)-stained histopathology. MPM images showed that different gastric polyps have different gland architecture and cell morphology. Dilated, elongated or branch-like hyperplastic polyps are arranged by neck cells and columnar epithelial cells. Inflammatory fibroid polyps are composed of small, thin-walled blood vessels surrounded by short spindle cells. Fundic glands polyps are lined by parietal cells and chief cells, admixed with normal glands. Gastric adenomas are generally composed of tubules or villi of dysplastic epithelium, which usually show some degree of intestinal-type differentiation toward absorptive cells, goblet cells, endocrine cells. Our results demonstrated that MPM can be used to identify non-neoplastic and neoplastic gastric polyps.