Research Of The Grain Regulation And Control Of The Local Government During The Early Days Of Establishing The State

People take eating as the most important thing.The grain problem is always an improtant and difficult problem which every successive dynasty should confront,and the People’s Republic of China is not an exception.After establishing the state,the government regulated and controlled the grain,especially the formulation,implement and evolution of the policy of the state monopoly for purchase and marketing,it affected every aspect of our social life deeply. After stabilizing the prices and unifying the national financial work,the implement of the state monopoly for purchase and marketing was called the second campaign in the new country’s battle line of finance and economy.Plus the socialist reform to capitalism industry and commerce,individual agriculture and individual handicraft,they were called "three campaigns" of battle line of finance and economy.This essay tries to get clues,such as the change and regulation of the grain prices,the condition and management of the grain market,the implement and evolution of the policy of the grain purchase and marketing,to get a detailed arrangement of the grain regulation policy and practice of Shanghai government from the liberation of China to1957.From1949to1957was the time of the recovery of our national economy and the implement of the first "five-year plan".During this time,take the end of1953as a demarcation line,our grain policy had changed tremendously:from free purchase and marketing to state monopoly for purchase and marketing.This change had a comprehensive influence to the whole country’s economic motion and the daily life of the masses.The reason of this change varied,but the government expected to regulate the grain prices and the market effectively through the change and it was one of reasons undoubtedly.The grain price was the indicator of commodity prices,it related to people’s livelihood,and because of the special geographical position of Shanghai and its important status throughout the country,especially because of the intense habitual nature and continuity caused by the tremendous rise of grain price before liberation,regulation and control of the grain price of Shanghai was an arduous task which the new political power was faced with.Its fluctuation,rise range,regulation and control had a representative position throughout the country.Totally,after the liberation of Shanghai,the grain price lasted the habitual nature of large fluctuation and rise inevitably,then it gradually remained stable after entering thefirst "five-year plan" periodThegovernment carried out unified leadership,classified management,strict regulation and control on the grain price,Among this,from1949to1952,it carried out free grain price mainly,from the year of1953,it carried out planned management on the grain price gradually,and the grain price remained stable basically.During the early days of establishing the country,a lot of diversified economic compositions existed together in the grain market,it carried out free trade,capitalism grain commerce occupied the superiority.Because of the existence of the free grain market,some profiteers utilized the sharp-pointed contradition of grain outputs and demands,they created trouble,rushed to purchase the grains,and scrambled for markets with state-run grain department.So,the government found out a better grain policy of regulation anxiously to control the grain price and the grain market effectively.The appearance of the policy of state monopoly for purchase and marketing became historic necessity. After this through a series of adjustments,the government made two-direction monopoly of the grain "buy and sell" finally,controlled the grain price and market firmly,it had a deep impact on the smooth development of our first five-year plan and later national economic development.However,the implement of this policy restricted people’s freedom,constrained peasants’productive zeal.