| Nanchang Xing Ying, with the full name of National Government Military Commission Chairman of Nanchang Xing Ying (Hereinafter is referred as Nanchang Xing Ying), was constituted in May1933. It’s constitution was to destroy the Red Army in Jiangxi, Fujian and other places of the Communist Party (Hereinafter is referred as the Central Red Army) by Jiang Jieshi who was the Chairman of National Government Military Commission then. During Nanchang Xing Ying’s existence over a year, it commanded the fifth encirclement and suppression on the Central Red Army of the Communist Party, and forced the main force of Communist Party’s Central Red Army successfully to break to the west after that National Government failed to siege the red army of the Communist Party four times through a series of military and political means. This article’s basic content is fully presented the prime cause that Nanchang Xing Ying sieged Central Red Army in the fifth encirclement and suppression with no loss any more by discussing and analysing the organization structure, personnels, funds and political activities related to the extermination to Communist Party.This article is divided into three parts to dicuss. An organization’s structure, personnels, funds are the foundation of its existence and effective operation. The first part of this article is a comprehensive and detailed introduction of the reasons for Nanchang Xing Ying’s constitution and its process, organization structure, personnels and funds, etc, which is to show Nanchang XingYing’s differences from former other institutions of Communist suppression and the reason why it did not fail in the process of the fifth encirclement and suppression of the Red Army. In the second part,that is the core part of this whole article, it is discussed fully political activities related to the encirclement and suppression on the Red Army which was done by NanChang Xing Ying. These political activities covered a wide range and is enforced strongly, which reflects that Nanchang XingYing’s preparation is adequate and its actions are firm. Finally, the article with a whole chater explains the activities’effectiveness that is dicussed in the second part how these activities helpes in the encirclement and suppression on communists. Nanchang Xing Ying was set up on two major backgrounds, one was that National Government failed to kill the Central Red Army four times, instead Red Army grew up rapidly. The other was that Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei cooperated, and Jiang Jieshi had sufficient time and energy to deal with Red Army. These two backgrounds lead to preparation and investment of Nanchang Xing Ying for the suppression on the Communist fully to pursuit the overwhelming superiority compared to the Communists and to win once. From seeing Nanchang XingYing’s authority, organization, personnel and funds, Nanchang Xing Ying did practice this principle. As to the authority, Nanchang Xing Ying had military and political powers of five provinces of seieging the Communists, with dozens of bodies. As to personnel, Yang Yongtai, He Guoguang and other principals all had outstanding ability and exuberant energy. As to funds, Nanchang Xing Ying was supported by ministry of finance, getting over5million every month. It is thus clear that Nanchang Xing Ying was more extensive, more powerful, had more fiscal investment, which couldn’t be matched by pre-institutions of seieging the Communists. All that ensured Nanchang Xing Ying run efficiently in large part and succeed in the campain of sieging the Communists to some extent.A very important reason for the failure of the siege to the red army four times before is that The kuomintang carried out the pure military route. So Nanchang Xing Ying contiued the policy of "three military, seven politics" of "E YU Wan " three provinces siege commanded Department (chief is Jiang Jieshi) used in the siege to red fourth-front armies. In practice, Nanchang Xing Ying political measures related to the communist suppression and enforcement are far beyond the scope of "E Yu Wan"period. These activities covered the blockade of the red army base practicing bao-jia system,, arming of the people. In order to avoid the people standing in the red army, Xing Ying also taken some steps to ease relations between people and Xing Ying,Such as removal of partial surtaxes, and offering low-interest loans to farmers. the political measures Reflected that, the kuomintang (KMT), fully realized the important influence of the morale in the siege.The powerful of the agencies, funds and personnel of Nanchang Xing Ying, The urgency of the siege, and the personally commanding of JIANG Jieshi, Made the most of these political measures get good implementation,Also to a great extent, directly or indirectly contributed to the kuomintang army’ victory in the war with central red army., Such as Xing Ying blockading of the central revolutionary base, Created great difficulties for the people of the base. Inevitably affected the red army’s fighting capacity. From the practical effect, the political measures basically achieved the purpose of the plan, Working closely with the military offensive, forcing the communist party’s central red army to break to the west. But at the same time, also making a lot of financial and human cost. In January1935, Nanchang Xing Ying was undone. Part of its personnel arrived in Sichuan with He Guoguang, constituting a party of staffs., Supervising the army in The southwest to siege The communist party, and becoming an important tool for Jiang Jieshi to control the army in The southwest. Another Part in Wuchang, joined the newly formed Wuchang Xing Ying. The rest arrived in Nanjing with JIANG Jieshi. Nanchang Xing Ying,as JIANG Jieshi’s "private department", basically completed the JIANG Jieshi’s predetermined goals, for weakening the central red army, winning a big chips for JIANG Jieshi in the struggle for power in the kuomintang, And make for JIANG Jieshi using Nanchang Xing Ying platform to capture the military, political, and other real power, Paving the way for his authoritarian... |
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