The Political Philosophy Of Liberalism In Citizenship Studies

There is no doubt that citizenship is as one of the important symbols ofModernity by the West latter-day. The shape of ideal citizenship is the best guaranteeof modern democratic society. As Habermas said:" only can shape the free system ofthe people, to match the sample system.’’In other words, if the modern democraticsociety only rely on the system, it is not able to meet the maintenance anddevelopment of democratic politics required, and the generation of system depends onthe living in the social form of citizenship.Citizenship was general citizens’ basic rights for a freely, public access to thefreedom of faith and thought, begin to be able to use their mind to pursue happiness;private property is guaranteed, witch leads to individual economy not because ofpolitical institution factors and wanton destruction. Then, the rights of citizens is thevoting rights of political rights. The move, citizens participate in public affairs isentirely possible; also makes democracy come true, because the power of the subjectis not vote to decide, democracy is fragile. Finally, the democratic constitutionalism iscompleted, the gap between rich and poor this problem from social welfare to face.From this, such a citizen can achieve Rawls in" theory of justice" has demonstratedpersonal moral subject. Rawls’s liberal citizenship concept advocated universal reasoncan provide civic minimum moral values, so the theoretical construction of the unit ofanalysis for individuals. And because every citizen can meet the most basic moralrequirements, so all have equal citizenship and equal rights and obligations, this cansay is a kind of common citizenship concept.Although the concept of liberal citizenship is challenged by communitarianism,pluralism and civic republicanism, it is of self adjustment in the liberal tradition. Thecriticism mainly has two: the first kind of criticism is asked to active citizenship andmoral exercise, to supplement the citizenship rights of passive acceptance; it not onlyemphasized the citizen right consciousness, also emphasizes citizen should have theresponsibility and moral character. Second critical focus is to conform to the modernsociety, citizen culture in multiple development trend, it is necessary to amend withthe right to define citizenship concept; that is focused on citizenship and colletiveidentity relationship, especially in a pluralistic society, citizenship concepts should behow to give attention to diversity and one of the sense of identity. The concept of liberal citizenship is produced in the Western tradition and thedevelopment of molding. Although some of its theory premise with certainuniversality, we exploration for Chinese citizenship from the difference of thereality.