Logical Evolution Of Modern Western Metaphysics Of Subjet And Transcending Form Of Marxist Philosophy

The concept of “subject” has incurred many questions since its birth. FromDescartes’"cogito" to Hegel’s “Substanz ist Subjeut”, the metaphysics of subject finallyemerges. Following the logical process of modern western the metaphysics of subject,this thesis discusses Marx’s revolution of philosophy, which based on practice andovercome the abstractness and rigidness of the metaphysics of subject.The first part describes the initial forming of modern western metaphysics of subject.Descartes first stated "cogito", determining the primary position of people; empiricismrepresented by Locke then developed intuition subject, and deepened the theory ofsubjectivity; Leibnitz raised monadology, at last forming the metaphysics of subject.The second part explains the contribution of German classic philosophy to thefoundation of the metaphysics of subject. Fichte’s individuality doctrine and Hegel’s“Substanz ist Subjeut” promoted the forming of the metaphysics of subject, andsimultaneously provided theoretical core for Marx’s subject theory.The third part illustrates Marx’s realisation of revolution of philosophy, throughpractical subjectivity. Marx argued the fundamental role of practice in theoreticalthinking, thus both known object and practised object have practical feature. Besides,knowing activity of any theoretical thinking is practice as they happen at the same time.The practice mentioned by Marx is objective activity, which is two-way: in one way,subject externalise and realise its intrinsic nature; in the other way, subject can internaliseexternal content, improving itself. As a result, subject’s nature get strengened through thepractical and objective activities, realising the overcome of abstractness and rigidness ofthe metaphysics of subject. Consequently, the development problem of subject has beensolved.