A Study About Memory Self-reference Effect Of Pre-school Children In Different Reference Conditions And Task Types

Self-reference effect(SRE) is of a kind of phenomenon that self can promote the memory, when materials are associated with self, people can remember more about the materials than other memory coding ways. The essence of SRE is self promote memory. Actually, SRE is self-recognition in the memory. The size of SRE is influence by other-reference group, the level of self activation in the task and the measurements of the memory sores.This study selected significant others of family as other-reference object compared to self-reference. This study first work out the questionnaire of family main raisers. The questionnaire including body raising, emotional intimacy, life influence three dimensions.To survey who is preschool children’s parental significant others and grandparental significant others, a total of101questionnaires recovery, questionnaire contains a informed consent to ask preschool children’s parents whether to allow pre-school children to participate in the next experiment,85of101parents agreed to pre-school children to participate next experiment. Collect pre-school children and their families significant others photos as experimental material, the photos are combined with pictures that are going to be remembered. The experiment included three reference conditions, preschool children’s self reference, parental significant others reference, and grandparental significant others reference. At the same time, the experiment included two task types, one task involves preschool children’s ownership of the goods, the other task does not involve the ownership of the goods. We use recognition scores and memory scores as dependent variables. Select3-5years old preschool children as research subjects. Experimental is3(reference conditions) x2(task type) x3(age) hybrid experimental design, reference conditions for test internal variables, the task type and age is between variable test.The results showed that:1Pre-school children family significant others survey found that preschool children’s parental significant others are mainly the mother, take the proportion of85.1%, pre-school children grandparental significant others are mainly maternal mother, accounting for43.6%, followed by paternal mother, accounted for33.7%.2Three factors repeated measurement variance analysis results found that age main effect is significant,5years old preschool children’s memory performance significantly higher than3years,4years old, ownership task memory scores performance than the task ownership of memory scores, reference conditions main effect significantly, three kind of reference conditions (self reference, parental significant others, grandparental significant others reference) recognition scores and recall scores are significantly different, self reference group memory performance significant higher than other-reference conditions.3Three age groups of pre-school children recognition sores significantly higher than recall sores.