From The Conflict Between Manchu And Han Ethnic Studying The Late Qing Reform

The relation between Manchu and Han is a basic contradiction in Qing Dynasty. The contradiction runs through the whole Qing dynasty. The contradiction development characteristics, the Qing Dynasty in the process in the political, economic, cultural, legal, there are strict distinction, all this shows that Manchuria people’s privilege. On the other hand, the policy which is Manchu and Han is a family did alleviate the ethnic problems, so the country is more stable. Since modern times, especially with the influences of Western culture and civilization of the invasion, China are gradually fall building, and the darkness of society, political instability, once quiet man Han national conflicts becomes active again, the contradictions also gradually accumulated by the end of the Qing, both sides of the struggle is the fierce struggle. During the reform period the last ten years of Qing has intensified the contradictions, and ultimately lead to the Revolution of1911.This paper follows the principle of historical materialism, and a large number of historical documents. Through historical research method to explore the Qing Dynasty, the last ten years as the background, to analyze the problem in the late Qing Dynasty. However, the relation between Manchu and Han is not isolated, but a link between past and future, process development and savings, it is necessary to put it into the whole Qing Dynasty to study, otherwise it would be difficult to understand how it has changed profoundly. The text is divided into three parts.The first part:mainly is the description of the Han nationality problems before the new policy. This part includes the nobility in the early Qing Dynasty, including the two kind of the contradictory polices. Also includes after the Second Opium War, the Han forces began to increase, showing a succeeding each other characteristics, and the relationship between Manchu and Han from Jia Wu to Geng Chen years.The second part:mainly unfolds the Manchu Qing Dynasty political struggle in the last ten years. During this period, the Han forces began to openly express to break the Manchuria aristocracy through the new deal and the constitutionalism, and the dignitaries of Manchuria also developed by constitutional interests conflict, is the so-called "false name, centralized central power, feature line Chinese reality". This section describes the three Han forces (constitutionalists, Han governors, revolutionary)with the struggle, let the reader understand the true face of constitutional. The end lead to the Revolution of1911.The third part:independent as a chapter to explain the Qing government in the last ten years of reform, it is adjustment policy which is proposed to ease the Manchu Han relation. Man Han Zhen domain policy includes "the marriage policy","the criminal law","the bureaucracy reformation" and the corresponding to each measure gives a reasonable evaluation.