The Research Of Poems By Yang Xiong

Yang Xiong has produced a large variety of works. In addition to the known writings such as his rhapsodies of the Fan-sao, Gan-quan, He-dong, Yu-lie, Chang-yang, essays of the Jie-chao and Jie-nan, philosophical works of the Tai-xuan and Fa-yan, dictionaries of the Fang-yan, Yang has created a number of pieces on the genre of Song, Lei, and Zhen. However, because of the long history, the texts of these pieces except the ones in the Han-shu have been lost, or just survive in fragments. Although there are numbers of works attributed to Yang Xiong preserved in some anthologies and compendia, or cited in scholars’ commentary to other works, it is difficult to distinguish whether one is a forgery or not. Of these unreliable works, there are intact ones of three pieces of rhapsodies named Shu-du, Zhu-pin, and Tai-xuan, twenty-eight of the Zhen on the governors and imperial officials, and some fragmentary ones of Lian-zhu and He-ling Rhapsody, and so on. So the dissertation concentrates on these suspect poems by consulting bibliographies, investigating the state and official system of Han Dynasty, analyzing the rhyme to evaluate the authenticity of them.The first chapter explores how the poems attributed to Yang Xiong are recorded in the historical records, anthologies and compendia, to make a distinction between the ones belong to Yang and the ones not. And then come to the conclusion that the rhapsodies of He-ling and Zhu-pin need to be allowed an adequate evaluation, otherwise, the Shu-du, Tai-xuan, and Lian-zhu turn out to be forgeries, and there must be a few pieces in the genre of the Zhen on the governors and imperial officials not by Yang.On the bases of the first chapter, the second chapter researches the items of the rhapsodies from the perspective of the stylistics, the Zhen on the governors from the state system, and the Zhen on the imperial officials from the official system. And the conclusion is that the rhapsodies should not contain the pieces of Jie-chao, Jie-nan, Ju-qin Mei-xin, and Song on Zhao-chong guo, while the Jiu-zhen should be Jiu-fu which is one of the eight pieces of rhapsodies added for Yang Xiong by Ban Gu. Moreover, Yang has created with the genre of the Zhen on governors of the thirteen states and the officials who rank Zhong two thousand Dan and two thousand Dan.Under the premise of analysis of the rhymes especially the rhyme of Ru-sheng used in the reliable poems and Tai-xuan, the third chapter mainly explores the regulation of the use of rhymes by Yang Xiong. As the corpus of the Shu-du, Zhu-pin, and the pieces of Zhen are with four characters each line, and their rhyming characters are not limited in rhyme of Yin-sheng, Yang-sheng, or Ru-sheng, the characteristic ones which have experienced great changes among the Han Dynasty are chosen to be compared and analyzed. As for Tai-xuan Rhapsody, however, all of its rhyming characters except the character of "Chu" in its main body are in ones of the rhyme of Ru-sheng, so a statistic method used in comparison and analysis between the Tai-xuan and Yang Xiong’ s compositions is necessary. And it turns out that the use of rhymes in the rhapsodies of Shu-du, Zhu-pin, and Tai-xuan, the pieces of the Zhen on governors of the States Yong, You, Jiao, officials of the Da Si-nong, Wei-wei, Shang Lin-yuan-ling, and Bo-shi is out of the regulation of that used by Yang Xiong. In conclusion, these pieces could not belong to Yang Xiong.