Study About Negation Expression Structures With "Shenme"

“Shenme(什么)”can be formed into negation expression structures with nominal, verbs,adjectives,and various formats of quotations. According to the place of “shenme”,thesestructures can be divided into three types:“shenmme X”(including “shenmme NP”、“shenmeVP”and“shenme AP”),“X shenme”(including “VP shenme”and “AP shenme”)and “Xshenme Y”(including “X1shenme Y1”“X2shenme Y2”and “X3shenme Y3”,where X1Y1represents nominal,X2Y2represents verbs, X3Y3represents adjectives),which have fourmeanings as they express negation, such as “don’t……”“don’t need……”“no(not)……”“don’tmention……”.“shenme X”can be used to explain “X”does not have or each some quality orproperties that neglect some statement, and the “X” here has designatum.“X shenme”can beused to deny others’ actions or state that have already realized, and the “X”here has adeclarative meaning. There are apparent differences in semantic in the three types of “Xshenme Y”.“X1shenme Y1”neglects the true value of X1Y1,“X2shenme Y2”neglects thenecessity and value of action that X2Y2refers,“X3shenme Y3”neglect both state which havebeen shown or coming to appear, and the extent of “X3Y3”.“X3shenme Y3”can negate the“X3Y3”. The common point is its function of referring to the former context. In addition,“shenme” negation expression has different negative degrees because of its components andcompound mode.“Shenme” negation expression has three types of semantic types, including imperativemeaning, evaluation meaning and the declarative meaning. These semantic types havecompatibility to some extent, in other words, each one of them may present two kinds ofsemantic types. In addition, the negative expression sets close confinements to languagecontext and linguistic context. They generally appear in informal occasions, like superior toinferior, or the senior to the junior. They can show or temporarily construct power relationswith the speaker discontentment. There is also a prerequisite realization to this kind ofexpression and negative reason sentence in context.“Shenme” expresses negation is not an accidental phenomenon, but has somemotivation. In the process of verbal communication,“shenme” itself has two semanticfeatures—question and arbitrary, which interact with each other to form a semanticmechanism that express negation. In addition, the subjective factor is the pragmaticmotivation of this negative structure. Therefore,“shenme” negation expression is a jointproduct of semantic and pragmatic.