Research On Dispatch Outward Messengers Of Liao Dynasty

Since the Northern Wei Dynasty Khitan nationality appeared in history for the firsttime, they began to live in the vicinity of the upper reaches of the Liao River, until thelate Tang Dynasty, they established a strong union of tribes..In907A.D. Tang Dynastywas perished, the Emperor Taizu of Liao established the Khitan country, later renamedthe Liao Dynasty, ruling in northern China and then forming a north-south confrontationwith the later Northern Song Dynasty. In the late of Liao Dynasty, the Jurchen uprising,Liao Empire rapidly trend to destruction, and finally destroyed by the Jin Dynasty in1125, but the Kingdom of Western Liao was established by the rest of the tribes andlasted for93years.The Khitan Dynasty commandeered in northern China for more than200years, not only because of the Khitan’s fighting competence, but their more flexibleforeign policy. After the Emperor Taizu of Liao established the country, he carried outthe “Khitan people was ruled by Khitan system, but treated the Han people by their ownsystem”, that is the rule method of political pluralism, which governing the countryaccording to the custom. In external he had also taken all kinds of effective diplomacy. Indealing with foreign countries, Liao Dynasty focused on sending the diplomatic envoy.Before Northern Song Dynasty ended the chaos of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms,Liao Dynasty had been sent the diplomatic envoy to the countries in the CentralPlain.The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty made the Liao Dynasty transferforeign policy, they began to sent diplomatic envoy to the Northern Song Dynasty,because at that time the Northern Song Dynasty was the only country which can reallycompeted with the Liao Dynasty, and the relationship to Song was directly related to itsown existence, meanwhile, around this point, Liao began to sent the diplomatic envoy tosuch as Western Xia regime, Jurchen nation or Korea and so on.History had proved that,facing the change of political situation in East Asia and the evolution in Central Plains,Khitan was very concerned and sensitive to that, so it constantly adjust to play to thescore and timely flexible sent the foreign envoys that make it become a kind of nationalpolicy which consider the situation, improve the occasion, flexible and changeable,cliffide flower, and then preserve and develop their own interests.Just because of this, the Liao Dynasty could save themselves under the complex and volatile situation in EastAsia and strive for more actual benefits to the greatest extent, and on the basis of theirown status and conditions, it plays an important role and influence the East Asia on thestage of history.This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is the type of foreign envoy. Theyare "Conventional envoy", such as Cefeng envoy, Hezhengdan envoy, Heshengchenenvoy, and “Widely envoy” such as Fuyu envoy, Heckle envoy, Negotiation envoy, etc.The second part is the countries and the process of sending envoy. The author mainlydiscusses the sending activities with Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Northern SongDynasty, Korea, Western Xia regime and Jin Dynasty.The third part is the function andinfluence of sending foreign envoy.This paper is based on Marx’s historical materialism, and look upon historical eventsin the view of dialectical, respect the objective facts, respect the achievements of thepredecessors, drawing on previous experience, try to restore the historical truth, whendiscussed the Liao Dynasty foreign envoy, think about the wisdom of the ancients, hopeto enlighten nowadays foreign mode and means, meanwhile on the basis of the previous,the research on the foreign envoy and types of specific institutions setting up can gofurther.