Analyses Of American Public Diplomacy In The Middle East After The Cold War

Diplomacy emerges and develops with the interaction between countries, and itis the important tool of a country to achieve national interests and global strategy.Public diplomacy which is regarded as an important way to establish and improve theinternational influence is a new form of diplomacy. After the Cold War, with thedevelopment of globalization and information technology, the channel and speed ofinformation transmission are increasing greatly; degree and range of theinterdependence among countries are deepening; public opinion becomes theimportant factors for influencing foreign policy, in this context, public diplomacycomes into being. In international relations, public diplomacy is generally defined asone State’s communication with foreign public, and its methods and tools is a verywide: government relation, personal contact, media interviews, Internet, educationalexchanges, language training, cultural events and exchanges. The purpose of publicdiplomacy is to create the international image, to promote the achievement the foreignpolicy goals and safeguarding national interests. The premise of effective publicdiplomacy is the dialogue, and the core is a two-way street. Public diplomacy isplaying an important role in all diplomatic strategy. Public diplomacy is an importantpart of a country’s soft power, an important means of international dialogue, and alsoit is the important tool for safeguarding national security.The United States is one of a country which pays more attention to publicdiplomacy. Since World War II, public diplomacy is an important part of U.S. foreignpolicy. The United States tries to use public diplomacy to explain its foreign policyand to promote its values, ideology, to shape the image of the United States in theworld, to improve its cognitive aspects abroad, to safeguard its national interests andnational security. The Middle East has important strategic geographical position, andit is the core of the Islamic world, at the same time, it is also the high incidence ofanti-Americanism and terrorism. The proliferation of anti-Americanism not onlyweakens its soft power, but also threatens U.S. national interests and national security.Therefore, the United States naturally regard the Middle East as the main target ofU.S. public diplomacy strategy, and carrying on public diplomacy in the Middle East isalso an indispensable aspect in the U.S. fight against terrorism. Since the Cold War,the United States carries out a series of public diplomacy in the Middle East, whichare characterized as follows: paralleling with the strategy of "preemptive strike";fusion under the strategy of "promoting democracy";"smart power" strategyimportant part. But after all, diplomacy is a continuation of the internal affairs, andthe U.S. public diplomacy still reflects its hegemonic policy, which makes the effectof public diplomacy in the Middle East is limited, and the U.S. public diplomacy inthe region still faces many difficulties. U.S. public diplomacy in the Middle East isfull of twists and turns, and it need to use the network of public diplomacy, educationand cultural exchange programs and other effective measures to improve theeffectiveness of public diplomacy. As a rising power, China facing the newinternational environment, not only pays attention to the important position of public diplomacy in the diplomatic strategy, but also develops new public diplomacy strategy,at the same time，China need draw on other countries’ experience and lessons,effectively carrying out public diplomacy, to better cope with the change ofinternational environment.