The Investigation Of The Chinese Women’s Liberation Thought Based On The Marxist View (1956-1966)

Women’s issues are the one of the most basic and important question in humanity. The degree of women’s liberation is a very important indicator or scale to evaluate social status. Those classical writers on Marxism theory have concerned on women’s liberation issues. If the hypothesis that the women’s liberation thoughts created by Marx and Engels is a kind of theory or the future conception proposed for the women’s liberation is valid, the establishment of new China make the foundation for practice of the women’s liberation thoughts of Marxism. This paper focus on studying how Marxism women’s liberation thoughts practice in China during the special comprehensive construction socialism period and discussing the enlightenment of previous women’s liberation of thought on women’s job at present.This paper mainly is divided into four parts. The main content of the first chapter is the verification and clarification of the Marxist classic text, elaborating the viewpoints of August Bebel, Marx, Engels and Lenin on the women’s liberation thought. Although Marx and Engels don’t have a monograph related to the issues of women’s liberation, women’s issues still appear on their voluminous writings. At the same time, we can find that Marx and Engels have put forward on the issues of women’s liberation at that time according to the paper and materials of Marx and Engels. They believe that women are oppressed due to social division of labor and the original reason is from private ownership. They provide a way that the elimination of private ownership to develop the productive forces and women need to return to public life from the family to realize women’s liberation. The Marxist view of women are inherited by August Bebel and Lenin, then continuously developed and updated by great change and revolution.The second chapter mainly presents the general content and practice of the Chinese women’s liberation thoughts during the comprehensive construction socialism period. The advantages and disadvantages of the women’s liberation at that period are investigated by the combination of clarification of the women’s liberation thought and policies with Marxism view of women. In1956, the three great transformations are made in the whole country, and it is a very important time after the establishment of new china. They alter the production relationships that the agriculture and handicraft industry are cooperatives as well as the capitalist industry and commerce are on public-private partnerships. After the three great transformations, social basic system is established in our country and the private ownership is wiped out, forming primary stage of socialism. The statue of the stage agrees with a social background of the elimination of private ownership imagined by Marx and Engels. Women are also out of their families and the women’s liberation activities have got brilliant achievements into the environment of the elimination of private ownership at the stage, but we can’t say that women have been completely liberated. The women’s liberation envisioned by Marx includes production liberation, political liberation, social liberation and several important dimensions of the overall liberation. Although women’s liberation movements give rise to emancipate productivity and politics of women to a certain extent, we still can’t believe that it is fully liberation for women now.In general, the party and government have made much effort on women’s issues after the establishment of New China, and they provide all possible opportunity to get remarkable achievement, making the great change of women’s status and improving their living conditions. Women have equal rights with men in political, economic, culture, education, society, family and other aspects according to the law, but which does not change the fact that women’s overall quality is low due to thousands of years the feudal society. Although women have the equal right to live as a unit, it does not promise that women obtain women’s corresponding rights. During the comprehensive construction socialism period, women and men perform the same job. Furthermore, the sex difference doesn’t be taken into account between women and men. Under the planned economy system, the women are dependence on the "Commons","iron rice according to the policy of employment and welfare, and the dependence has given rise to the weakness of the women in the whole competition ability and quality.The third chapter study on the difference between the Chinese women’s liberation compared with western Marxist feminism. Some limitations of Chinese women can also be found through cotemporaneous horizontal comparison. We can make some discoveries from comparing with western Marxist feminist:the different development model, insight depth and women’s independent consciousness levels, and so on.In the final chapter of the paper, we explore how women can do as an environment that is similar to the comprehensive construction socialism period is disappeared at present. We should absorb the advantages and disadvantages of the women’s liberation, search truth from facts keep pace with the Times development in the comprehensive construction socialism period and pay attention to the women’s liberation in the process of Marxist outlook on women liberation of individual value and the individual difference, foster and develop the independent consciousness of women, and so on, to get further the development of the women’s liberation movements.