Urban Comprehensive Disaster Space-based Disaster Prevention Capability Assessment Planning

While unban disaster becoming more diversified and complex, to meet the demand for the construction of ecological civilization for urban safety, it is necessary to effectively improve the capability of urban comprehensive disaster-prevention and mitigation, and maximally guarantee the safety of residents’live sand property. In this paper, we start from the urban space and take the plan of urban comprehensive disaster-prevention space as the main content. The disaster preparedness capacity assessment is introduced as the foundation for the spatial planning. Afterwards, a bridge can be built up between the research of disaster-prevention and the land planning, by which the disaster preparedness would be implement in the land layout. Finally, we aim to find out new solutions for the two key problems of "comprehensive" and "landing" to guide the spatial planning of disaster-prevention.In this paper, we use the urban area of Xianyang as an example to study on the method of the urban disaster-prevention space planning based on the disaster preparedness capacity assessment. And finally obtain the following conclusions:(1) Urban comprehensive disaster-prevention space protects the safety of people lives and property against high frequently urban disaster in the form of passive defense space. That is a comprehensive disaster-prevention space which is selected on the basis of hazards identification, analysis of spatial impact and assessment of the disaster-prevention capability. A real comprehensive disaster-prevention space will choose the comprehensive disaster-prevention space that meets the actual refuge demand of residents.①Hazards identification and spatial impact analysis:It starts from the analysis on geographical urban structure, distribution of major hazards, historical disasters and urban disaster-pregnant environment of the urban area of Xianyang. Then we identify the city high frequently types of disaster and high risk areas. Based on the analysis above the major disaster’s sphere of influence will be determined;②Disaster-prevention capability assessment:By using ArcGIS spatial network analysis, and geography statistics, we evaluate the prevention capacities of current and available resources of comprehensive disaster-prevention space. To determine the scope of the service area of disaster-prevention space, the service area is coupling with the attributes, such as area’s population size, density of elements, and per capita indicators. Afterwards, the actual service ability of various disaster prevention space can be calculated to discover the problems of current resource and figure out the follow-up planning focus;③Space layout planning: comprehensive disaster-prevention space planning contains two parts: comprehensive disaster-prevention space site layout and relief passage system planning. Based on the results of disaster-prevention capability assessment, population-forecasting and demand forecasting for comprehensive disaster-prevention space, we purposefully integrate the comprehensive disaster-prevention resources of the urban area of Xianyang, design the layout of urban comprehensive disaster-prevention space and select the disaster-prevention space with the function of medium-and long-term shelter. On this basis, we plan disaster prevention and relief passage system from aspects of rescue and evacuation.(2)The focus of disaster-prevention capability assessment by using ArcGIS technology is on:①Digitizing urban road network, hazard, information of disasters and secondary disasters as detailed as possible in the process of data preparation,②While determining the service areas of the disaster-prevention space, using the entrance of comprehensive disaster-prevention space for spatial network analysis.③Statistically analyzing the following elements with the GIS:evacuation time, evacuation distance, population density, per capita indicators and so on. In addition it’s necessary to determine the actual prevention capacities of disaster-prevention space, that is important supplement for network analysis results.ByutilizingtheArcGISsoftwareplatform,theindexofurbandisaster-prevention capability assessment is quantitated to make the assessment results have the space attribute, which is required by layout planning. Guided by the research above, disaster-prevention spatial planning can efficiently improve the efficiency of city anti-disaster relief work, the elasticity and tension against the disaster. What’s more, it’s helpful to practically promote the capability of urban comprehensive disaster-prevention, establish a safe environment of urban space, and realize the goal of social sustainable development.