1949--2010 Quanzhou Transfer Of Rural Surplus Labor Force

As the urbanization, industrialization and the economy develop, The city and the rural area could not develop coordinately.The problem of surplus rural labor hunting for jobs in non-agricultural field has become obvious. In order to raise their income, surplus rural labor began to hunt for jobs in non-agricultural field. However, the number of surplus rural labor force is large, the job opportunity is too limited, it is too difficult for the farmer to raise their income. There are several factors that are related to job-hunting in non-agricultural field. For example:the development of industry, the quality of surplus rural labor force, the policy from government and so on. The mode of Quanzhou’s surplus rural labor force hunting jobs in non-agricultural field is different from other area. Most of them hunt for non-agricultural jobs in local area, very few of them leave the village to hunt for job in the city.By reviewing the process of surplus rural labor hunting for jobs in non-agricultural field from1949to2010, the thesis would focus on analyzing the reason, process and feature of Quanzhou’s surplus rural labor hunting jobs in non-agricultural field. The thesis could be divided into four parts:Part one, analyzing how the problem of surplus rural labor forms in Quanzhou, and the reason why the farmers need to hunt for jobs in non-agricultural field, general speaking, during this period, the number of population in rural area is large, while the agricultural land is limited, as the efficiency of agriculture raises, the industrial structure upgrades, the problem of surplus rural labor hunting for jobs has become more obvious. As the agricultural population grows, the qualities of farmers raise, more and more surplus rural labor need to hunt for jobs in non-agricultural field.Part two, reviewing the process of Quanzhou’s surplus rural labor hunting jobs from1949to1978. The economic development had undergone a complicated experience, the industry is not developed enough, while the rural population increase rapidly, therefore, the agricultural production had fallen into the state of poor efficiency, meanwhile the policy of city and countryside dual structure formed. All of these factors has made a great impact on the rural labor hunting for jobs in non-agricultural field after the policy of reform and open.Part three, analyzing the development of township enterprises and the surplus rural labor hunting for jobs in non-agricultural field from1978to1990. For the sake of Quanzhou’s oversea Chinese, the township enterprises developed rapidly, and the feature of Quanzhou’s township enterprises development is different from other places, the development township enterprises provided a large number of job opportunities for the rural population. However, there are still some problems that would limited the job-hunting process in non-agricultural field. First, the problem for township enterprises:the mode of extensive development, imbalance development between different areas. Second, the problems from the surplus rural labor force. For instance, the qualities the farmer is not high enough to qualify the industrial need.Part four, surplus rural labor hunting for jobs in non-agricultural field from1990to2010. As the township enterprises developed, the industrial structure upgraded, and the foreign capital imported, all of these factors provided the opportunities for the surplus rural labor to hunt for jobs in non-agricultural field. Quanzhou’s surplus rural labor hunting for non-agricultural jobs is different from other areas, very few farmers leave the village to hunt for jobs in the city, most of them hunt for job at the local township enterprises. There are several reasons for this situation. First, after the reform and open policy, for the sake of the oversea Chinese, Quanzhou’s township enterprises developed rapidly, and most of these enterprises located at the rural areas. Second, as the rural area develops, the condition for enterprise becomes more and more mature, so the enterprise don’t hope to leave the rural area. The development of the township enterprise provides a large number of job opportunities for the local labor force. Third, the local labor force do not hope to leave their hometown. In addition, the policy from government, and Quanzhou’s urbanization also made a great impact on the job-hunting in non-agricultural field.