Farmers Bank Of China Xi'an Branch Of The Agricultural Loans Of Research (1934- 1945)

Being a formal agricultural financial institution established by the national government, the farmers’ Bank of China Xi an branch always carries out agricultural loans as main business. It plays vital role in relieving rural economy in Shanxi, improving Shanxi’s agricultural production conditions, and enhancing agricultural productivity, and particularly it provides a powerful guarantee for the supplies during the war. But so far, there has not yet been done a comprehensive system research on the agricultural loan business of the farmers’ bank of China Xi an branch. Therefore, this article attempts to give a systematic analysis of the farmers’ bank of China Xi an branch carrying out agricultural credit between1934-1945by using the relevant documents stored in Xi an Archives, revealing the characteristics and functions of agricultural loan and providing reference for the construction of the current rural financial system in our country.This article is divided into three parts:introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction part is the first chapter, mainly expounds the research value and significance of Xi an branch agricultural loan business, gives an overview of the current academic circles’ research on Shanxi rural finance, the farmers’ bank of China, and the status of agricultural loan business. It narrates this paper’s research methods, characteristics, ideas, and the problems to be solved. The second chapter to the fourth chapter is the body of the article. The second chapter mainly introduces the general situation of the agricultural credit to farmers of the bank of China Xian branch, including Shanxi rural social background in the1930s, the establishments of the agricultural credit system and the development stage of farmers’bank of China agricultural credit business. The third chapter mainly analyzes the agricultural loan implementation process of Xi an branch between1934-1939. It reveals the characteristics of the agricultural loan in Xi an branch by studying the lending areas, objects, types, procedure and specific account of lending situation, combined with the actual lending situation of credit cooperative investigation data. The fourth chapter analyses current situation of the agricultural loan in1940-1945, revealing the characteristics of Xi an branch agricultural loan business under unified management during the Anti-Japanese War period. The fifth chapter gives assessment of Xi’an branch of agricultural loan business between1934and1945. It also puts forwards suggestions on the improvement of the rural financial system in our country. The conclusion part of this article will gives a comprehensive comment on the research of the agricultural loan business conducted by farmers’ bank of China Xi’an branch.Study found that since its foundation, xi’an branch always implemented the agricultural financial policy of national government and the agricultural credit regulation of the headquarters. The rural agricultural credit business conducted during1934-1939took the relieving of Shanxi rural agricultural credit business as its main task. It issued the credit on cooperatives, cotton production and marketing loans, mortgage loans, mortgages and the border region of Shanbei rescue loans, which made important contributions to the recovery of Shanxi’s rural economy. After1940, according to the wartime national government agricultural credit policy, xi’an branch increased food production as the center, issued lending, supported the construction channel and six big water conservancy engineering, which greatly improved the basic conditions of agricultural production in Shanxi. And at the same time, it promoted the high quality of wheat and cotton, grain yield increased significantly, making Shanxi a rear area of the main supply of agricultural products, which provides an important material guarantee to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. However, limited by historical conditions at that time, along with agricultural credit personnel shortages, and a lack of farmers’ financial knowledge, the effect of agricultural loan is not sufficient. Especially after1937, affected by the war, the speed of rising prices is far more than the speed of agricultural credit, leading to a gap between the loan amount and the farmers’ demand, making agricultural loan benefits almost drowned. Therefore, in the current process of improving the rural financial system in our country, we should take history as a mirror, taking its advantages and avoid disadvantages, conveying the excellent talents for the rural financial construction and vigorously popularizing the financial knowledge among the vast rural areas. We should take lessons from the farmers’ bank of China xi’an branch’s credit loan mode, establish unified credit evaluation system, increase types of loaning on the rural credit cooperatives loan types, encourage farmers to promote the use of agricultural science and technology actively, and speed up the pace of poverty to rich.