Comment On Rousseau Political And Moral

Politics has natrual relationship with morality. Classical philosophy of politics which pursues in the establishment of moral contury, entirely is a moral philosophy. Because of Machiavelli’s politics without morolity, modern politics is established. The relationship of politics and morality become abviously. The value problem of realistic politics and ideal morality is very important in the history of ideas. Morality’s perfection is human’s ultimate pursuit. Rousseau is a prominent thinker of enlightenment who has his own opinion about politics and morality. In Rousseau’s heart there was a seed of morality. In his words, his feeling of morality was still in the state of nature that is most beautiful. Rousseau tried his best to protect moral in his fist book——《Discussion on Sciences and Arts》. Diderot told Rousseau to compile《On Political Economics》 for 《Encyclopedia》, so Rousseau changed his thinking from morality to politics. He said that everything is in contact with the politics, and he pursue political freedom and moral perfection. He found that the society need morality, and he thought that political-morality can be self-relizated. His political-morality is very important to history of ideas and political practice. This passage will esposit this thought from three sections:The first section, comes from natural and social environment, then search his philosophy foundation, combine the development of political-morality, we can know his thoughts’ background and origin.The second section, will sammarize Rousseau’s political-morality thoughts and refine the frame. His political-morality thoughts started from "natural equality", then go in to "social inequality", though the social contracts and the public will, social equality and the freedom will be come ture. This section will start from equality、social contracts、freedom, research his political-morality’s internal relation, survey and summary his thoughts.The third section, comes from the reality, analysis Rousseau’s political-morality thoughts’ influence. His political-morality starts a new world, effects western political thought, especially his equality and freedom theory effect generation and generation’s ideologists. His social contract theory also inspires the new social contract theory. Marx and Engels mentioned Rousseau many times, Rousseau’s political-morality thoughts effect their theory so deeply, especilly his fredom theory. In China, mostly in the period of the democratic revolution, Rousseau’s political-morality encouraged the revolutionists. Nowadays, our country’s "good governance" has the same meaning with Rousseau’s political-morality thoughts. It has important value for our China to build democratic politics.