| Within the background of urban renewal and reconstructions in Shanghai, the phenomenon of the housing demolition spreads to all parts of the city. The demolition of squatters and the problem of placement is worthy of attention. In the ongoing demolition of the old community, the author found a lot of spontaneous urban inhabitants of resettlements in moving back. Facing the institutional arrangements, they did not last to choose the resettlement to the suburbs or leave in other forms, but they rebuild their daily life in the original community. Different from the phenomenon of institutional moving back, the original community did not offer the institutional houses, and the behaviour of moving back was their spontaneous choice. Some of them spontaneously moved back after the resettlement to the suburbs, and others never thought about moving elsewhere, but to find other houses to continue their lives near the original community. Since the1980s, along with the housing marketization and the movement of privatization, the institutions of demolition and suburban placement undoubtedly help make the urban areas expanded and the landscapes improved, but also inevitably result in the urban living spheres becoming clear. Under the formed trend of urban living differentiation, can the residents of old community, as the objects of demolition, through the market or the combination of market methods and family strategies to choose the places of residence by themselves, and how to resist the spacial elimination and thus participate in the space reconstruction of original community, while this may be the major problem which the study would focus on and make analysis about.Through the fieldwork and case interviews in the old N community of Zhabei, and F resettlemental community of Jiading, the author at first describes the present situation of spontaneous moving back and the process of space reconstruction involved by the urban inhabitants of resettlement, and then finds out that the radius of moving back and the cost of purchasing houses become longer and greater year by year, while the renters are distributed in the blocks of low-end housing which are up to demolition. Secondly the author combs the placement institutions of moving back since the founding of China:from being in situ repair and helpping settle down to the place nearby at the beginning, to the transition mainly in the placement of moving back, and to1990’s policy of encouraging to move back and the relaxation of market factors in the later period, and finds out "the residence of moving back" is always the placement of institutional acquiescence; However, with the reformation of housing and land using institutions, the possibility of moving back in individual level is becoming smaller. The author analyses the motivations of spontaneous moving back by the urban inhabitants of resettlement in the community of N in the Chapter3, and gives the conclusions below:the housing space elimination and residential differentiation is the structural background of "spontaneous moving back"; The needs to the original community by the urban inhabitants of resettlement:the community identity, occupation and the needs of making a living, the needs of social support, social resources and facilities, the development space of the child generation, etc.; The psychological reasons of the urban inhabitants of resettlement: the stereotype and labeling of resettlement base, the psychological adjustment difficulties caused by the outer edge of resettlement base, the sense of exclusion and loneliness, etc. Meanwhile, most of the urban inhabitants of resettlement who live in resettlement community of F are in the state of " wanting to go back but can not afford to return to the original community". The Chapter Four clarifies the logic of spontaneous moving back by the urban inhabitants of resettlement in the community of N, the findings are as follows:firstly, the families with small scale before the demolition realize the spontaneous moving back through market, the concrete solutions are:leasing the house of resettlement base, and to rent or to buy a smaller house in the original community; selling the house of resettlement base, and to buy a smaller one in the original community; choosing monetary compensation, and to buy a second-hand real estate on the edge of the original community; choosing monetary compensation, and to rent a room in the original community. Secondly, most of the families within big scale before the demolition, realize the "spontaneous moving back" in the combination of family strategies and market solutions, including two types:the old people who help their children realize the moving back to the original community together and the young people who remain in the original community by the consultation of the family. In addition, the diversity of residential block and the existence of renting resources in the original community, the existing net of social relations and the mechanism and opportunities of housing market-oriented operation are the necessary conditions to achieve the "spontaneous moving back".At last, this article conforms the practical significance of spontaneous moving back:it is the reflection of individual action dynamically participating in the space reconstruction of community, meanwhile it is also an attempt to resist the trend of living differentiation in the individual level. Then, the author continues to probe into the problems about the institutions of demolition and placement and the degree of freedom to choose the residential places under the housing marketization since the1990s, and also makes an instruction of the case about the humane housing property-rights-exchange in the same place during the reconstruction of Power building block in the city of L, in order to provide references to the institution of placement which are designed to make the urban residents enjoy greater degree of freedom to choose the residential places. |
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