Exploration On The Way To Cultivate The Elite Swimming Athletes In Sport Colleges

The development of sport is inseparable from the support of sports talents. The experience of mighty country of sport in the world proves that the level of a country’s sports development depends largely on the quantity and quality of sports talents. The ability to effectively find and utilize the resources of sports talents has become an important factor which increasingly influences the competitiveness and sustainable development of sport. The cultivation mode of the competitive sport in China is "nationwide system". The "pyramid" cultivating approach allows a very few elite athletes to stand out, meanwhile, a great waste of talents were caused by the huge tower base. As economy developed and the living standards improved, the "human wave" mode is gradually becoming no longer applicable. The idea of cultivating outstanding swimmers in sports institutions brings many significances, not only for the development of athletes, but also for the improvement of China’s athletics. This paper, through exploring the way of how sport colleges cultivate talent swimmers, find that this cultivation approach makes athletes learn in competition, improve competitive level in learning. The paper will use the questionnaire survey, expert interviews, literature and mathematical statistics to questionnaire and interview the students and teachers from10sport colleges which have swimming training conditions, then statistics and analysis the results. By those ways, the paper try to discover the advantages and disadvantages which exist in the traditional talent swimmers’cultivation approaches, and find the new ways. The conclusions are followed:(1) There are3main types of elite swimmers’cultivation approaches: Professional teams, college sports teams and sport college teams.They have their own pros and cons. Cultivate the excellent swimmers in professional team is the mainstream mode in recent years, but training in normal and sport college is the future trend;(2) Sports colleges recruit students who are beyond16years old. In this age, the outstanding swimmers are in the special improvement stage and the best competitive stage. Therefore, the athletic performance of the students can still be improved during the college;(3) Compare with the professional teams and the normal colleges, sport colleges have a greater advantage in terms of hardware facilities, teachers, human resources, research conditions. In sport colleges, student athletes could correspond to the theoretical knowledge in training while learning, and the knowledge allows students better used in training. It provides greater learning and exchange platform, and is conducive to the pioneering vision and future development;(4) There are several plights of cultivating elite athletes in sport colleges:the declination of the quantity and quality of enrollment in recent years. The declination of quantity and quality was primarily due to the region, economic, policy, family factors and factors like those; the lack of enthusiasm in students’training, mainly caused by student motivation, employment goals, exercise level, and other reasons; lack of match opportunities and the controversial of group made, caused by the game system;(5) The ways to cultivate elite athletes in sports colleges is diversification. There are autonomous cultivation mode, cooperation with local team cultivation mode and the high level of world-class athletes titular cultivation mode.(6) Independent training mode seem more widely in sport colleges, but really the system ground normative do independent training institutions are not many, unfolded need space, technology, capital support;(7) Cooperation with local team cultivation mode is not popular. Professional and technical exchanges is conducive to sports institutions and local professional team, but does not make the student athletes learning and training issues are effectively addressed. The reason why it is not popular mainly due to the positive organizations and actively cooperation with relevant departments;(8) The high level of world-class athletes titular cultivation mode prevalent in sports colleges, training methods is more diversified, but the theoretical study of the extent of student athletes is no uniform standard, making this part of the athletes did not really learn anything, but rather as a an honorary academic exchange means exist.