The Research On The Assessment Of Successful Aging Phenomenon And Related Factors

As China’s population structure is increasingly showing the trend of aging, howto promote successful aging has gradually become a focus of the field ofpsychosomatic medicine. In this study, on the basis of literature reviews,305aged60or older elders were chosen as the study subjects. The data were collected byone-to-one interviews, focusing on two contents:1) Compare the assessment resultsof three-dimensional model with four-dimensional model in order to check thepossible differences, as well as whether the subjective well-being could possibly betreated as an independent evaluation dimension of SA;2) through the relationshipbetween the psychological resilience, social support and different SA evaluationmodels, in order to provide necessary references for further research on developingSA evaluation model and its influencing factors.This research consists of two studies, of which:Study one: By using three-dimensional model (chronic illness, physical andcognitive function, social participation) and four-dimensional model (chronic illness,physical and cognitive function, social participation, happiness) respectively, thesubjects were divided into two groups. The results showed that, of the total230participants,86met the SA evaluation criteria by the three-dimensional model;51conformed to the SA standard by the four-dimensional model, evaluation results ofthe two models showed no significant difference (χ~2=2.0, p=0.16). At the same time,the Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness assessed the subjectivewell-being of the elderly, and t test was used to compare the differences of two groupsdivided by the three-dimensional model on subjective well-being, the results showedno significant difference (t=-2.2, p>0.01). Although many scholars tend to supportthe four-dimensional model of SA, and the subjective well-being may act as anotherindependent evaluation dimension based on the literature reviews, there actually existed no significant difference between two models of SA.Therefore，the relations between two models needs to be further investigated.Study two: by using social support rating scale, and Conner-Davidson ResilienceScale Chinese Revision on230subjects, the perceived social support and resilienceconditions were evaluated. On the basis of study one, social support (objectivesupport, subjective support, support utilization), resilience (fortitude, advantage,optimistic), and the basic general social demographic variables (age, gender, maritalstatus, education, income) a total of13factors as independent variables, and theresults divided by two models of successful aging as two dependent variables, weremanufactured by binary logistic regression analysis. The statistical results showed that,in the four-dimensional model, subjective support (p=0.001), resilience (p=0.039),and age (p=0.025) reached significant level; whereas, in the three-dimensional model,only age (p=0.000) and educational background (p=0.000) reached significant level. Itindicted that the impact of predictive factors may be affected by different evaluationcriterions of SA. Compared with the three-dimensional model, the four-dimensionalmodel of SA may have more practical significance in the fields of positiveinterventions.Finally, the deficiencies of this study and further research topics were discussed.