Late Qing Dynasty To The Republic Of Mongolia Economic History

The starting point of the history of the Mongolian economy during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China is the Opium War at1840, and the ending is the Founding of The People’s Republic of China in1949. This history lasted110years. Hundred years, the Mongolian economy from independent towards the semi-colonial and falls in colonization; hundred years, Mongolian own self-contained production has been broken, each exploiting classes to be added land plundered; also in this one hundred years, the Mongolian livestock from prosperity to decline, and fall into the lowest point in history. It can be said that the Mongolian history between the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China is the history of Mongolian economic aggression which from Japan、 Russian and some other imperialist powers,is also the history of the Mongolian economy decadency, and is also the tragic history of the Mongolian people to safeguard economic interests.The Opium War in1840breaks Chinese history into the late Qing period, and opens the history of the Mongolian economy plundered from the imperialists. Mongolian economy from prosperous to decline, and also from the feudal system to the semi-colonial and semi-bureaucratic system. Leding by the Russa and Japan, imperialist powers through the spread of foreign religions in Mongolian Area, opened Matheson and foster the usury businessman predatory Mongolian resources, to seize the Mongolian land, plundered the Mongolian people. Corrupt and incompetent Qing government not only unable to resist, but the default connivance, in the fiscal depletion, treasury passive case, the Qing government will also ransack the finger of blame points to the majority of Mongolian Area,"New Deal" and "Immigration into policy" that Qing government plundered the beginning of the Mongolian economy. Mongolian princes as to win the attention of the Qing government to meet their own pursuit of extravagant life, not only cater to the Qing the government reclamation Mongolia shortage policy, and some even take the initiative to present the land to the Qing government to get power the machineand rich versus reward. The poor Mongolian people in the late Qing Dynasty at the same time suffered from imperialist powers, the Qing government, Mongol princes, Lama multiple exploitation, economic pressure is, livelihoods suffer no words. To safeguard their own economic interests, the protection of Mongolian land has always been a heroic spirit of resistance Mongolian people began anti-imperialist, anti-, anti-Mongolian bureaucratic class struggle, although the final ended in failure, but to a certain extent combat the reactionary regime predatory arrogance delayed Mongolian land development and economic exploitation.October10,1911, the new democratic revolution led by Sun Zhongshan overthrew the corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty, the last two thousand years of feudal autocratic monarchy then perish, but the economic exploitation withstand to Mongolian has not disappeared, replacing was Beiyang Government, the National Government, Japan, Russia and other foreign warlords economic oppression and even more severe. In this dark and confusing period of history, Mongolian lost the autonomy of the economy basically, not to mention the economic development. Multiple exploitation of the Beiyang Government, the National Government, the Manchukuo Xing’an Government and Mongolian Autonomous government, the Mongolian economy semi-colonial degree deeper by deeper, even be completely colonization. In this period, the Mongolian people had to endure but also had to resist,"Duguilong" anti-Reclamation struggle rising one by one, Gadameilin uprising is the most typical representative. Although the Mongolian people’s resistance struggle all failed, but they protected Mongolian pasture and struggled for the Mongolian economic interests’spirit also be worth to celebrate.Fortunately, a just and democratic regime will eventually Mongolian people rescued from dire straits in the period of the Republic of China, this regime is the new democratic revolution leding by the Communist Party of China. The Communist Party through establishing anti-Japanese Base and the liberated areas in Mongolian to help Mongolian getting rid of the heavy economic oppression of the reactionary regime, and exploitation autonomous path of development.The main line of this paper is the economic contradictions between the farmers and herdsmen during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Mongolian population, animal husbandry, agriculture, industry and commerce, as well as financial and monetary industry during the state of industrial development is this paper’s main research content, and the main puipose is finalsummed up Mongolian economic developmengt trends, and draw lessons from history for using today.