At The End Of Qing Dynasty To Republic Of China, In The Wushen Banner The Land That Belonged To Mongolians Opened A Gate For Farming

In the modern history of Mongolia, to cultivate virgin land of Mongolia has been a subject of considerable historical characteristics. The implementation of cultivate virgin land of Mongolia had a great political and economic influence to the community in Inner Mongolia. The immigrants'cultivation from Qing Dynasty to the period of Republic of China in Wushen had various characteristics. To ascertain the situation of cultivation of virgin land has a significant function to further study the politics, economic and natural environment of Wushen Qi. Meanwhile, we also can understand the hardship and efforts Wushen paid in it's development process, feel the heavy burden which Wushen Mongolian people carried through in the process of its historical development. Because of the special geographical environment and historical conditions, in comparison with other regions, the time, result, complex contradictions, outstanding problems, and relatively large influence made Wushen's cultivation of virgin land had typical significance.This paper first outlines the history of Wushen profile and the backgrounds of times of private cultivated land reclamation case before the reclamation, and analyzes the background of cultivation of virgin land is domestic strife and foreign aggression, and bankrupt of national treasury. The essence of reclamation was actually aimed at collecting the wealth of Mongolian people to fill the national treasury then, the paper introduces process of the cultivation of Mongolian land in Wushen mainly from then late Qing Dynasty to the time of Republic of China.In the late Qing dynasty, Mongol princes and reclamation affairs officials regardless of the natural status of Wushen at that time, regardless of the living conditions of Mongolian herdsmen and farmers'bearing capacity, enforced a high handed policy of reclamation, therefore brought a unrest of Mongolian and Han gathered into anger to resist the government. Mongol aristocracy and reclamation officers dug up in collusion with cultivated land and, collecting deposit for opening virgin land, and therefore a lot of farmers and herdsman lost their home, and difficult to survive. Although the policy of Republic of China, which came after the Qing dynasty, had some differences with that of Qing Dynasty, the mass cultivation at the end of Qing brought upheaval to Wushen. In order to find a more safe method of policy, in the third year of Republic, a series of principles and policies were issued. These documents were more complete and detailed than Qing Dynasty's. But the Ruler still follow the way of Qing Dynasty, continued their national oppression and economic robbery to Mongolian. Together with the unrest of political situation of the time, wars were multifarious, and national and local government financially exusted, it further intensified the robbery of Mongolian virgin land.Last, by summarizing the social, economic, and natural influence of reclamation of Wushen virgin land in late Qing Dynasty, this paper illustrates the truth that although the cultivation of Mongolian virgin land developed the agriculture of Wushen very much, and enriched their economic and life , but in general, it led to a serious confliction between farmer and herdsman , intensified the national and class contradiction , and what is more, it gave rise to natual environment destruction which has lasting influence to the generations. Therefore the reclamation at late Qing and early Republic brought negative influence to Wushen's society and economic development.