Labor Transfer, Rural Population "Hollowing Out" And Land Scale Operation

The rapid development of China’s industrialization and urbanization absorbs a large number of rural labors transferring to non-agricultural industries and urban, which makes full use of labor resources of China. While labor transfer is also the only way to improve the quality of life and living standards of farmers, and to get rid of poverty. With the massive transfer of labor, the village has gradually showing a pattern of "hollowing out" and aging, that means the majority of rural young labor transfer to non-agricultural industries and cities while only older and children are still in the rural areas,which have no doubt brought a greater impact on traditional smallholder production in China’s agriculture area.With large numbers of rural labors transferring to non-agricultural area, rural labor becomes to be shortage. A large scale of land is idle and abandoned, resulting in great waste of land resources. The total population of China increases gradually all the time determines the increasing demand for agricultural products. Meanwhile with the development of urbanization, more rural people become consumers of agricultural products rather than producers. The difference between the demand and supply of agricultural products becomes much bigger than ever. How to make full use of the land resources is very critical.The fact of "hollow" and aging of rural population decides the agricultural production must face new situation and challenges. Elder labors remaining in rural areas don’t have enough energy to guarantee all the land to be plowed, resulting in large scales of land be idle and abandoned. The issue of food security faces challenges and threats. The elderly population not only becomes the main force in agriculture, but also takes care of their grandchildren. Lack of labor affect the efficiency of agricultural production and the sustainability of agricultural development seriously. At the same time, due to the limited ability of the elderly labor of accepting new technology, new knowledge and new agricultural machinery, promotion of agricultural technology blocked which hindered the adjustment of agricultural structure. From another angle,"hollow" and aging brought a lot of idle land, which create a relaxed environment of land supply for large-scale land management. Urbanization has increased the demand for agricultural products, providing a broad market for scale land management. The support of government department creates favorable conditions for large-scale land operation.Through the field research of Jintang County, Sichuan Province, found that land scale operation was not very ideal in the background effectiveness of land transfer. The main reasons are as follows. First, restriction of land conditions and lack of construction of facilities in agriculture becomes barrier to land transfer. Second, lack of demand large-scale land operation.Third, the role of professional Cooperation Organization played in promoting the scale of operation is not sufficient. Fourth, the owners of scale land management face financing difficulties. Fifth, both farmers and owners have trepidation for the length of time for land transfer. Last, recreation and tourism agriculture and agro-processing industry develops not very well.Facing these problems in land-scale management, how to solve the current obstacles to promote large-scale land operation is critical. The main methods are as follows. First and the most important are to strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure and land consolidation to improve land operating environment. Second, introducing and cultivating leading enterprises and professional organizations to drive the development of large-scale land operation. Third, actively cultivate land-scale management owners to increase scale operations needs. Fourth, increase financing support for land-scale management owners to increase investment in agriculture. Fifth, select appropriate agricultural industry according to local conditions and resources. Sixth, provide stable social security and employment opportunities to farmers who transfer their land to others. Last, strengthen the role of rural organizations in the land transfer.In this paper, by exploring on the background of "hollow" and aging, the opportunities and challenges that rural land transfer and scale of operation facing. According to the field research in Jintang County of Sichuan province, finding the development status of the land transfer and scale of operation and analyzing the reasons. At last giving propose countermeasures to promote large-scale land operation. This article includes five chapters.The first chapter introduces the main theory used in this article.The second chapter describes the opportunities and challenges that rural land transfer and scale of operation facing on the background of "hollow" and aging.The third chapter mainly analyzes data got from field research.The fourth chapter gives suggestions on how to promote land-scale management.The fifth chapter includes the main conclusions of this paper and the further study of the problem.