The Real Benefits Research Of Sino-American Trade Balance In Opening Economy

As we know, the basic goal of a country’s development is promoting economic growth, the means of economic growth are including investment, consumption and export. The investment and consumption refer to national demand, export refers to import and export trade, therefore, the role of the import and export trade of a country’s economic development is self-evident. In recent years, China’s rapid economic development, as the world’s second largest economy in2012, during this period the import and export trade is continuously expanding, our country is major trade benefits country of import and export trade that appears constantly, especially with the deepening of economic openness, the expansion of trade between China and America, China’s trade surplus status is increasingly significant, the interests of the trade dispute that between China and America make trade friction intensified. Under the condition of open economy, the global production system changes, from the inter-industry production system to industrial production system and then develop to the middle product of vertical production system, the middle product as the leading resource allocation is corresponding formed and realizes the flow of resources of production across countries, there has been a fundamental change of trade flows and nature through the deepening of global production and industry transfer. Therefore, China’s trade surplus status between China and America can not account sufficiently that our country is the main trade benefits receiver, it is depended on the specific analysis of flow of trade benefits and the changed nature of the trade between China and America, then know who is the winner of the trade interests.Analyzing who is the real trade benefits winner between China and America trade, the first question to resolve is how to measure trade benefits, as for this, there is a discussion about "real trade benefits", it is used to account that with the changes of global production system, trade surplus is not equal to trade benefit, behind the simple concept of "quality", actually we pursue "quantity". The analysis of "quality" include the difference of statistic,service trade and technology trade of comparative advantage, cross-boarder trade of scale economy, re trade and processing trade under the vertical division of labor make the "quantity" less "real" representative, but it also contains the "quality"."Quality" is included in the progress of technology, division of labor status in the trade, industry upgrading, stable prices, the increase in the income and living environment, etc. Then the "quality" in the "quantity" and "quality" is the "real trade benefits" as the paper said. In order to analyze such a problem, the structure of this paper adopted the following structure to analyze:The paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is introduction. Preface introduces the purpose of the paper studies and significance, research status, research ideas and arrangement of the paper and innovation and the difficult point in this paper. The second chapter is the theory basis of paper, including the connotation of trade interests, development, measurement and the statistic of trade benefits, mainly to provide theoretical basis to data analysis and model analysis as below. The third chapter is based on the second chapter, mainly descriptive analysis of real trade benefits data between China and America trade. From micro data angle of real trade benefits data descriptive analysis between China and American include comparative advantage, scale economy, the vertical division of labor and commodity structure; under micro data, including producers and consumer interests, division of labor’s benefit,technological progress and industrial upgrading;from consumer angle are labor remuneration, price level and the living environment. The forth chapter is Panel Cointegration model, a model of value-added index, analyzing the comparative advantage, scale economy, vertical degree, and the similarity of commodity structure how to make influence on added value of the export. The analysis of the third chapter and the forth chapter provides policy recommendations to our country that how to obtain real trade interests between China and America trade. The fifth chapter draws the policy recommendations. China should take measures of policy, such as focus on independent innovation, intensify protection of intellectual property rights, develop technology and focus on manufacturing service trade, guide the investment for foreigners and upgrade industrial structure and so on to get real trade benefits between China and America trade. Finally the sixth chapter gives the conclusion:under the global production system different product distribution is imbalance between exporter, trade surplus in the trade of our country do not get the real trade benefits, America do not loss trade profit in the trade. Under the condition of open economy the concept of the traditional balance of trade cannot reflect the distribution of trade benefits between countries. High value-added production of the production and low value-added production make great differences of the production of trade benefits, making the balance of he import and export trade of a country directly as a country’s trade benefit is more inaccurate. Export low value-added, low technology products and primary products get less trade interests in our country, and the export of high value-added and high technology products or high-end industrial products of America get more trade benefits. Because the former kind products are necessary commodities which have less demand income elasticity, market growth potential is not big, and gradually replaced by new materials and new energy. A country should not pursue trade surplus in international trade, this is just a "number", does not signify trading profit in the trade, what is more important is to pursue the "quality" of trade, focusing on access trade benefits, essentially promoting the development of its economy and improving people’s living standards through trade.In this paper, we study under the condition of open economy the real trade benefits behind the balance of China and America trade, aiming to give correct understanding for the flow of real trade benefit between China and America, setting up the correct position of our country in the world trade economy to make accurate trade policy, making our country receive much more trade economy benefit. This paper study is based on the trade benefit distribution between China and America, it has the reference value for the trade of our country and other developed countries, but for our country and developing countries, not developed countries and regional integration trade benefit analysis is not enough, expecting it can be improved in the future.