| As the hot spot of contemporary sociology, economic and geography, Spatial poverty is a serious challenge faced by both China and the world. Recently, with the strategic program "coordination of rural and urban development and city promote rural area" implementing, a variety of initiatives, combined with special programs in poverty alleviation, agricultural policies and community forces in poverty, provides a good opportunity for the development of poor areas and poor people.The research is based on the thoughts of poverty alleviation measures made for the contiguous destitute areas by government, the paper selects "Three West" region of Tongxin County, Ningxia Xihaigu region for the study. Under the spatial poverty and poverty-related theoretical guide, Administrative villages is taken as the basic research unit, the paper describes the distribution of the poor in Tongxin County. The study takes a simple random sampling and stratified sampling method and delimits the sample size according to three types of landforms:pure Muslims poor villages, poor Hui villages and mixture of Hui and Muslims poor villages. Based on the farmers’per net income and the proportion of population below the poverty line between2010and2013, the study has measured the poverty population index, the poverty gap index, poverty intensity index of Tongxin County through Lorenz curve method.In support of ArcGIS software, with the statistical spatial data by Zonal Statistics, Pearson correlation analysis is made to build a geographic capital system. According to Pearson correlation analysis and OLS regression estimation, the study uses BP artificial neural network and simulates the regional poverty levels in Matlab7environment. The simulation aims at natural factors, social factors to poverty and economic poverty eradication, measures and calculates Natural poverty Index (Natural Impoverishing Index, NⅡ), Social poverty Index (Social Impoverishing Index, SⅡ) poverty eradication and economic index (Economic Poverty Alleviation Index, EPAI), and expresses the poverty factors spatially by using GIS. The main research conclusion as following:(1) Judging from the regional FGT index, TaiYuan gully area gets the lowest poverty index, less than1for four years; HuangTu Hilly region and Qingshui HeTai region’s poverty indexs are relatively high, close to a four-year average level; HuangTu LiangMao areas and QiuJian HongMan’s poverty index equally match the overall level of Tongxin County’s. Qingshui HeTai region and HuangTu Liang Mao region’s poverty gap index both are greater than1in2010and2013, indicating poor income and the poverty line in the region exist a wide gap:Compared with Tongxin County’s overall level, Qingshui HeTai region’s poverty gap index is smaller, indicating that the income gap between the poor and the poverty line in this region is the smallest.(2) From the FGT exponential distribution of each year, the regional poverty index, poverty gap index and poverty depth index in2011are the minimum, indicating the poverty alleviation policies in Tongxin County get a Significant effect in2011.(3) Learning from the influencing factors of spatial poverty from2010to2012, economic development lagging behind, the elimination of poverty’s limited capacity, their harsh environment and the less attention to the community and the less policy focus, combine to cause the local poverty of Tongxin County; In2013, with the continuous improvement in economic development and ecological environment, economic and natural factors become a major factor in poverty eradication while social factors remains a major factor for poverty.In this paper, micro-macro strategy and measures for solving the spatial poverty are proposed in three aspects of the natural environment, social environment and policy support, including:First,develop a specialized plantingSecond,develop livestock, grass industryThird,strengthen infrastructure construction, shoring up the founaationForth,create a regional node cities, promote the process of urbanizationFifth,expand the credit scale poverty, strengthen their hematopoietic functionSixth,cultivate new energy for the direction of the emerging industrial system... |
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