A Study On The Evolution And Driving Forces Of Landscape Pattern Along The Silurian Road In

As the main traffic route of ancient people, there are a large number of cultural and natural landscapes aggregating and emerging in " the ancient tea horse road" through the process of historical development. With the development of society and economy, the promotion of the urbanization process, the prosperity of tourism, the landscape pattern changed along. This kind of change has an important influence on the protection of the heritage corridor and the inheritance of ethnic culture. Therefore, it is so important and meaningful for the protection of cultural and historical heritage corridor,the improvement of the regional ecological environment, the maintaining of ecological security, and maintaining the integrity authenticity, ecology of this historical heritage——"the ancient tea horse road", if we could grasp the present situation of landscape pattern and dynamic change process of the region, and analyze the role of natural and human driving forces in the evolution of landscape pattern of this historical corridor——"the ancient tea horse road’This paper selects these towns and villages, which stand along the route of Simao and Ninger that is the typically initial segment of "the ancient tea horse road" as the research object. It uses1999,2006and2013Landsat TM and ETM remote sensing images as the basic data, integrating use of RS、GIS and related theory methods oflandscape ecology. It interprets remote sensing image graphics and obtains the landscape distribution map for the area of the three periods. Based on the interpretation of data,it gets the landscape index of two level——types and landscape level. besides, it gets the transfer matrix which reflects the changing of landscape types in space. Based on these works above, it analyses the characteristics of the landscape dynamic evolution and driving forces and driving mechanism for14years in this research area. The results show that, it has significant changes of landscape pattern in study area from1999to2013. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) From the level of types,reduction amount of the forest area is the most, a reduction of7%, the fragmentation degreeincreases, the boundary becomes irregular, the patch shape is more complex, plaques are divided by other types of landscape, and the continuity of plaques is reducing. Urban construction land shows an overall growth trend, its area increases significantly, an increase of22.3%, the degree of aggregation increases, the connectivity of urban construction land strengthens, and the patch shape tends to be simple. The area of grassland and water decreased firstly,and then increases, finally, the overall area trends to increase. The area of cultivated land increased at first and then decreases, finally the overall area trends to increase;(2) From the level of landscapes, in this study area, landscape patch density continues to decrease, the total number of landscape patches continues to reduce, on the whole, the landscape patch distribution becomes more continuous, tends to fusion between patches. Landscape separation index trends to be rising, distribution of landscape types tends to be complex and discrete, individual patches are sporadic, scattered. The landscape of the Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index shows acertain rising trend, The diversity of landscape structure is increasing. The rising of Shannon evenness index shows that the control force of the original landscape that was in dominant position on the whole landscape is declining, and influence of different landscape types on the whole landscape pattern tends to equilibrium.(3) According to the transfer matrix of landscape types, forest land is the type whose transfer amount is the largest, mainly changed into farmland grassland and urban construction land, grassland and woodland convert into each other, parts of the cultivated land transfers to urban construction land. It mainly occurs in north and southmountain of the study area that woodland turnsinto cultivated land. The mutual conversion between grassland and woodland occurs mainly in the northern mountainous area. It occurs mainly in the urban densely populated neighborhood that part of the cultivated land converts into urban construction land. At the same time, part of forest land also transfers to construction land in high mountainous region whose forest coverage rate is relatively higher. In a word, the main characteristics of landscape types’changing is the declining of the forest land, and the increasing of the cultivated land, urban construction land, the grassland and water area for14years in this study area.4) This research focuses on the analysis on the driving factors and driving mechanism of the evolution of landscape pattern in the study area aimed at natural factors and human factors. The result shows that topographic factors, demographic factors, economic factors, industrialization and urbanization factors, economic system and government decision-making factors affectthe change of landscape pattern jointly. Meanwhile,at different spatial scales and time scales, the main driving forces which have influence on the landscape pattern are not the same.