The Changes Of Landscape Pattern And Driving Forces In Urumqi County

The influence of human activities on the environment of earth is increasing now.The changes of land use of human are important factors of global change,and is bound to cause the dynamic changes of landscape pattern.In recent years,the tourism has become an important industry of Urumqi County.The increasing tourism activities and tourism exploit need to occupy a certain of pasture and land.The human disturbance,e.g.expansion of township and tourism activities,made landscape pattern change constantly and more complex.Also,the unreasonable land use patterns accelerate the fragmentation of regional landscape in Urumqi County.Therefore,human activities make the ecological environment of Urumqi County more vulnerable,and the contradiction between land use of human activities and ecological environment is more significant.This paper took Urumqi County as the research area and,through the analysis on the change of land use landscape pattern in Urumqi County,deeply analyzed the driving factors affecting the change of landscape pattern in Urumqi County and,researched the differences of the influence of each driving factor on landscape pattern.The purpose of this study is to promote the rational utilization and protection of land resources in Urumqi County,and to provide the scientific basis of coordinated and sustainable development production-life-ecology for Urumqi County.Firstly,the Landsat images of 1996,2006 and 2015 were used to obtain the classification data of landscape types in Urumqi County.Secondly,the evolution of landscape pattern in Urumqi County in recent 20 years was analyzed through the analysis on changes of landscape type structure,dynamic degree,transformation direction and landscape indexes.Then,logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between landscape pattern change and natural factors and social-economic factors in Urumqi County.Finally,the natural-social-economic driving mechanism of landscape change in Urumqi County is discussed comprehensively.The main results were as follows:1.From 1996 to 2015,the main land use landscape types in Urumqi County weregrassland landscape and forestland landscape,followed by cultivated land landscape and unused land,and construction land and water area were the least.With the development of township centers,the change of landscape types of construction land was the most prominent,with a growth rate of 322.29% and a relatively obvious trend of expansion and aggregation.The cultivated land landscape was mainly distributed on both sides of rivers of the Tianshan piedmont.During 1996-2015,the area of cultivated land landscape has not only expanded,but also distributed more compactly,with the growth rate of 19.06%.The forestland landscape in Urumqi County showed a small decrease,meanwhile,the water area decreased significantly.2.In Urumqi County,except Yongfeng Township,the transformation speed of land use landscape types has been accelerated,and the impact of human activities on landscape types has deepened.Gangou Township and Shuixigou Township were affected by tourism and stock breeding,which have a great impact on the transformation of landscape types.There are obvious differences in the single dynamic degree of landscape types among these townships.The main change was the rapid change of landscape area of construction land.The change speed of cultivated land,forestland and grassland were relatively slow,and the change of water area and unused land fluctuated greatly.3.Grassland landscape was the most dynamic landscape type.Grassland was the main landscape type which converted to cultivated land,forestland and construction land,and forestland was the main landscape type which converted to grassland.In a word,forest land,grassland,construction land and unused land were the main types of landscape conversion.4.The number of patches(NP)and the density of patches(PD)in Urumqi County has increased,and the maximum patch index(LPI)decreased and the landscape shape index(LSI)increased,which indicated that the fragmentation degree of landscape increased,and the distribution of patch dispersed.The patch shape of each landscape type showed a complex and irregular change trend.The Shannon's diversity index(SHDI)and Shannon's evenness index(SHEI)both showed that the degree of landscape heterogeneity increased,landscape types became rich and diverse,while landscape dominance decreased and diversity increased.There were obvious differences in landscape index among townships.5.During the past 20 years from 1996 to 2015,the changes of cultivated land landscape in Urumqi County were mainly affected by slope,distance to river,distance to road,distance to A-level scenic spot,distance to residential area,total agricultural output value,total stock breeding output value and total industrial output value.The changes of forestland landscape were mainly affected by slope,distance to river,distance to S-level ski park,and distance to residential area.The changes of grassland landscape were mainly affected by slope,distance to river,distance to road,distance to A-level scenic spot,distance to S-level ski park and distance to residential area.The changes of construction land landscape were mainly affected by distance to S-level ski park,total industrial output value and population density and the changes of water landscape were mainly and significantly affected by elevation,slope and distance to residential area.The constraints of natural environmental conditions and the driving forces of social-economic factors,especially roads,scenic spot/ski park,residential areas,would significantly affect the landscape changes in Urumqi County.