Five Kinds Of Mushroom Absorption Of Heavy Metals And Pesticide Laws Affect Their Growth

China is the biggest nation in mushroom production, but the cultivation level was irregularity. The quality and safety issues of mushroom production in china was researched in this paper. Fist, the adsorption patterns of mycelium to heavy metals and the impact of pesticides on mycelial growth were investigated. The results lay the foundation for mushroom production safety, and also provide a scientific basis for mushroom production safety, which were the aim and the key technology we carried out this research.1. The heavy metal contents of 160 mushroom raw materials which collected in all over country were detected and analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of arsenic in 137 samples(accounting for 85.62%.) were lower than 0.5 mg/kg, in 13 samples (accounting for 8.1%.) were among 0.5 mg/kg～1.0mg/kg, and in 10 samples(accounting for 8.1%.) were among 1.0 mg/kg～8.0 mg/kg. The concentrations of cadmium in 134 samples(accounting for 84.3 percentage) were lower than 0.1mg/kg, in 26 samples(accounting for 15.7%.) were greater than 0.1mg kg. The concentrations of Mercury in 146 samples(accounting for 91.25%) were lower than 0.1mg/kg, in 14 samples(accounting for 8.75%) were among 0.1mg/kg-1 mg/kg. Lead concentrations of 122 samples (accounting for 76.2%) were lower than 1mg/kg, lead concentrations of 38 samples (accounting for 23.8%) were among 1.0 mg/kg～6.0 mg/kg..Lead content in the raw material was relatively high. Lead content in raw material from different sources were quite different, the sample with the maximum lead content was NO.64 (sawdust).Test results indicated that the concentration of heavy metals in the vast majority of samples were lower, and were safe to mushroom cultivation. But a few of samples were with high heavy metal concentration. In oder to control the quality of products, these raw materials must be detected.2. The 12 pesticide residues content of 57 raw materials which collected in all over country were detected and analyzed. The results showed that the carbendazim content of three samples were higher than 1 mg/kg, which were 9.87mg/kg, 14.18mg/kg and 6.25mg/kg, respectively. The carbendazim concentrations in the others 54 samples were lower than 1 mg/kg or not detected, Pesticide residues in the others 11 kinds were lower than O.Olmg/kg,..Detection analysis of heavy metals and pesticide residues of raw materials provided guide for mushroom production enterprise to choose quality materials.3. We tested the four kinds of heavy metals in 89 edible fungus products, With reference to the national pollution-free food standards, the concentrations of Cd in two samples exceeded limit, they were 1.1mg/kg(Agrocybe Cylindracea)、2.02mg/ kg(Pleurotus ostreatus). lead content in 1 sample (Hericium erinaceus’ fruit bodies) exceeded 1.6mg/kg. The arsenic contents of 89 samples were lower than 1 mg/kg; Mercury levels in all ssample were lower than 0.2 mg/kg. Arsenic and mercury levels were not exceeded limit. We also detected 12 kinds of pesticide residues in the 54 edible fungus products, the results showed that only three Agrocybe cylindracea samples’s chlorpyrifos residue were higher than 0.01 mg/kg,which were 0.015 mg/ kg,0.028 mg/kg and 0.012 mg/kg, respectively. The chlorpyrifos content in the other 51 samples were lower than 0.01 mg/kg. Five samples ’s carbendazim contents were more than 0.05 mg/kg, which were:0.82 mg/kg,0.096 mg/kg,0.31 mg/kg and 0.27 mg/kg respectively. These results Illustrated that most of mushroom production in china were safe.4.The impact of pesticides and four kinds of heavy metals on five mushroom mycelium growth were studied. Pesticides and heavy metals were added to PDA plates respectively, and mycelial growth rate were measured., Results showed that the effects of adding different kind pesticides on the growth of five kinds edible fungi mycelium were different. The effects of heavy metal on the growth of 5 kinds of edible fungi mycelium were also different. When the concentration of lead ions was between 10mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, lead ions could promote the growth of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium. When lead ion concentration was 100mg/kg, it inhibited the growth of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus nebrodensis mycelium. And the lead ion inhibited growth of mycelium of Auricularia auricular, P. ostreatus and Hypsizigus marmoreus. When the concentration of mercury was 0.1 mg /kg, it could promote the growth of mycelia of A. bisporus, when mercury ion concentration of mercury was 1 mg/kg, it could inhibited the growth of A. bisporus. Mercury ions inhibited the growth of the other four kinds of edible fungi. In addition to P. ostreatus, arsenic ions would inhibit the growth of the other four kinds of edible fungi.. When the concentration of cadmium ion was increased from 0.1mg/ kg to 20mg/kg, five kinds of mushroom mycelial growth rate was slowed down after the first accelerate.5.The adsorption regulations of five mushrooms to heavy metals were researched by the liquid culture. The results showed that the adsorption capacities of five mushrooms to different content heavy metals were different. With the increase of the concentration of heavy metals added to the medium, their absorption capacities increased firstly and then tend to a constant value. Using the contents of heavy metals added into medium and the heavy metal content of the mycelium, we build curve equation y= c/(1+ea-bx). When the X is equant to 0, y would be c/(1+ea). When x approaches infinity, Y values is close to c. When the medium supplemented with maximum concentrations of heavy metals, the adsorption capacities of these five f mushrooms got to a saturation value. Using this equation, we can predict the maximum adsorption capacity of these five mushrooms to four heavy metals, which can provide a reference for prenatal control product content of heavy metals in mushroom cultivation.