The Application Researches On Fatiiquoring And Softening The Indurate Leathern Cultural Relics

Leather products played the role of the luxuries in life in the initial stage of the human history. With the evolution of human history and the continuous development of the society, dressing in leather and fur had already been strictly hierarchical, which evolved as a status symbol, became a part of the etiquette, and grew into daily necessities finally. For numerous minorities, the use of leather products was ingenious. The leather final products have practical value and decorative effect extremely, which embodies the intelligence and wisdom of working people. Also, it is the precious wealth that we cherish in the long span of the Chinese history. The superb and colorful form, not only has unique artistic value, but also is the important topic in the study on history, ethnology, archaeology, etc.on account of the particularity of constitution of the collections of leathern cultural relics, and the influence of many factors, such as craftsmanship and preservation environment, most of the collections of cultural relics show different degree of warping, indurations, brittle fracture and other diseases, and seriously threat to the leathern cultural relics’ preservation, display and the research for a long time.Thus, scientific research work such as occurrence mechanism of the disease, methods of the conservation and renovation, and the applications of the materials which used in the many fields should be developed. Besides, more scientific conservation of the collections of leathern cultural relics also should be realized. These became one of the important tasks that the archaeological conservator will undertake at present.The focus on the study on the conservation area is different at home and abroad. Represented by the United Kingdom, the United States and Italy, at the end of last century, there was a further and detailed study on degradation theory to leather, the protection of saturated leather and extra problems; at home, the conservation related to the collections of leathern cultural relics entered the right track in recent years. And Zhang Yang, who is from the Jinzhou center of the conservation of cultural relics, has done some tentative research on protection of the indurate leathern cultural relics, according to add fiber spatial structure, water content, and lipid content in experiment.This text taking the study on indurations diseases to the leathern cultural relics as the starting, being based on sufficiently discussing types and causes of diseases of the leathern cultural relics, preliminarily judges characteristics and causes of the indurate leathern cultural relics, and the change of the internal fibers and the external physical characteristics, and gentrifies leathern cultural relics with the method of fatliquoringon trial according to simulating indurations and maturing conditions. At last, the scientific method should be taken to test the physical-chemical indexes of the indurate leathern cultural relics when it fatliquoring around and achieve a clear and definite result to protect and repair it. Then apply these to the early stage of the conservation to realize preventive conservation of leathern cultural relics.