Study On The Ecological Impact Assessment Of Tourism Development And Construction Projects On Nature Reserves

"The adjustment of the industrial structure policy" in China expanded the proportion of tertiary industry in the economy, and promoted the development of tourism. The ongoing policy of "the upgrading of the industrial structure" will make the industry bigger and stronger and promote the growth of tourism all over the country. Nature Reserve as a tourist resort, attracting more and more tourists, shows great exploitation potential and economic value. Under the circumstances, some management institutions have made full use of this opportunity to carry out tourism activities, development and construction in nature reserve. However, undoubtedly, both tourist activities and construction development in nature reserves will affect the ecological system of protected area. It is crucial to take an ecological impact assessment on the tourism developments and construction projects, in order to reduce the impact of tourism development projects on nature reserves and ensure that the development and construction process becomes both harmonious, orderly and eco-friendly.Based on the impact analysis of Construction content, the assessment was mainly for each stage of the construction project. The analysis process and result can provide basis for eliminating the ecological impact of source, cutting off the ecological influence ways, formulating and implementing various ecological measures. It is also advantageous to the management of the parties and further research.Firstly, through the literature research, based on the previous studies, this paper put forward the viewpoint of ecological impact assessment, which is the basic part of evaluation system. In the meanwhile, the paper summarized the common evaluation methods and evaluation model of ecological impact assessment, compared their advantages and disadvantages, and selected the evaluation model of the present study. Secondly, starting with the interaction between ecological effect of the sources and its ecological system, the impact on nature reserve of each stage of tourism development construction project was roughly analyzed, the role of planning and design stage, building construction stage and post-operational stage was minutely discussed, the ecological impact indices and ecological source indices were preliminary summarized. Thirdly, according to the principle of selecting indicators and the author’s viewpoint of ecological impact assessment, this paper constructed the indicator system which include three scales:ecological factor, ecological system, ecological landscape, and presented the impact source indicator system of three stages: planning and design stages, building construction stages, post-operational stages. And by using the matrix method, it also analyzed the causal relationship between the sources and evaluation indicators. Fourthly, from two mainlines of the evaluation indicators and the impact sources, this paper established the nature reserve ecological impact evaluation model of the tourism development and construction projects by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, formed the evaluation algorithm of the impact source by using the weighted average method, and evaluated impact degree of the ecological system and the strength of the impact source; Finally, this paper applied the nature reserve ecological impact evaluation of tourism development construction project to Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, analyzed the evaluation results and verified the rationality of the established index system.