The Sources, Spatio-temporal Distribution And Environmental Risks Of Livestock Solid Waste In China And Coping Strategies

The direction to developing large scale farm for livestock production is encouraged by national policy. That would inevitably lead to concentration of livestock solid waste. Thereby it would affect the spatial distribution characteristics of those solid waste, and the treatment of those solid waste would become more difficult. In order to reveal the impact of large scale production to distribution and re-use of livestock solid waste, the solid waste production and the amount of N, P, K in solid waste and the distribution characte of different scale farms are explored.The result indicated:(1)Livestock solid waste mainly comes from sporadic breeding farmers, following by the special farms and large scale farms. But the production of solid waste coming from sporadic farms is decreased quickly every year. The production coming from other scale farms is increased quickly accordingly.(2)Beef, swine and sheep is the main contributor of livestock solid waste in China. Also the solid waste of swine is largely coming from sporadic farms, but the impact of other scale farms is more importance than other type. The sheep is mainly breed in sporadic farms and special farms and small-scale farms, so the contribution of large scale farm is minor.(3)There are 13 provinces which the maxim load of livestock solid waste is been exceed. In those province, compared with 6 year before, the production of 4 province(Beijing, Tianjing, Shanghai, Jiangsu) had been reduced. While Inner Mongolia and Liaoning province is increased.(4)As to farm scale, the livestock farm of Beijing, Shanghai, Henan province is more larger, and those province would have more pressure for treatment of solid waste. Meanwhile three of north province(Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang) have small farm scale and the load of farmland is low.(5)The proportion of N coming from solid waste which excreted by sheep is more high, follow by beef and swine. The the proportion of solid waste N which produced by sporadic farms is decreased. And more and more sporadic farms come from southwest China. Meanwhile most special farms is coming from northeast China. Most small scale farms and medium-scale farms are located in the economically developed regions, such as Hebei, Zhejiang and other provinces. Large and super large scale farms mainly located in the economically developed areas, such as Fujian, Guangdong.In summary, livestock solid waste mainly produced by sporadic farmers in China, followed by special farms. The contribution of scale farms is small. But the growth rate of livestock solid waste coming from scale farm is increased quickly. For the solid waste of sheep have high concentration of nutrients, so the province have more solid waste is not equal to more nutrient resource.