| International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 73/78 Annex VI and European Union Directives required that since January 1st,2015, all the ships that sailing in the Sulphur Emission Control Area, including the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, including English Channel, and the European Union Ports shall use the fuels with Sulphur at highest limit of 0.1%.Therefore, owners face the challenge of choosing proper ultra-low Sulphur emission control options. Presently, there are three effective Sulphur control solutions, such as ultra-low Sulphur fuels, liquefied natural gas and after treatment equipment like scrubbers. The three solutions are quite different from each other considering from CAPEX and OPEX, and have their own strength and weakness in different vessel types, for example, liquefied natural gas carriers are more cost effective to install dual fuel engines rather than small offshore vessel with limited spaces; medium and small container vessels with most of the time operating in ECA are suitable to apply scrubber solutions, while large container vessels, most of the time outside ECA, are probably economically wise to install gas tanks.Considering 2500TEU container vessel is rather representative in tonnage and vessel type in Baltic waters, North waters and English Channels, I choose it as the studying project, research the reports of class societies, equipment suppliers and famous research agents, and evaluate and compare the three emission-control options from aspects of environmental-friendliness, supporting facilities, easy operation, power consumption and cost effectiveness, and finally expand the comparison study to different vessel types and routes. |
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