Study On Preparation And Property Of Emulsion Explosives With Compression Resistance In The Deep Water

The detonation property of emulsion explosives attenuates in different degrees under pressure, which is called the pressure desensitization phenomenon, and the attenuation degree is closely related to the formulation of emulsion explosives. In the paper, a kind of emulsion explosives with the excellent properties of compression resistance and detonation in the deep water was obtained by optimizing the formulation of emulsion explosives, including the type and quantity of emulsifier, sensitizer and oil phase material. Considering the existing emulsifiers’shortcomings in application, a new kind of polymer emulsifier was synthesized and applied to optimize the formulation of the emulsion explosives.Polyisobutylene succinic acid triglycerol ester was synthesized under the condition of vacuum and solvent-free by using polyisobutylene succinic anhydride and triglycerol as original materials. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows:under vacuum condition, the mass ratio 4.5:1 (polyiso-butylene succinic anhydride:triglycerol), CaO as catalyst, the mass ratio 0.08:1 (CaO:polyiso-butylene succinic anhydride), the reaction temperature 190℃, the vacuum degree 0.09 MPa, the stirring speed 300 r·min-1, the reaction time 1.00 h, cooling by water in normal temperature. The results show that the acid value, hydroxyl value and emulsifying ability of the emulsifier are 4.8 mgKOH·g-1,227.4 mgKOH·g-1 and 78.5 min, respectively.The formulation of emulsion explosives with the excellent properties of compression resistance and detonation in the deep water was optimized with single factor experiment. The optimum formulation is composed of 76.0% ammonium nitrate,6.5% sodium nitrate,11.0% water,2.2% emulsifier (polyisobutylene succinic acid triglycerol ester),4.3% compound wax from Maoming and 1.5% hollow galss microspheres (additionally). Pressurized for 4 h under 0 MPa,0.3 MPa,0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa, the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosives are 5214.8 m·s-1,4671.9 m·s-1,4523.3 m·s-1,4452.4 m·s-1, and the attenuation rate of detonation velocity are 0,10.41%,13.26% and 14.62%, respectively. The prepared emulsion explosives shows excellent properties of compression resistance and detonation in the deep water. Storage and thermal stability of the emulsion explosives had been studied by emulsion matrix, which indicates that the storage and thermal stability of the emulsion matrix are significantly superior to those emulsion matrix prepared by the T152 and Span-80 emulsifiers. Consequently, the prepared emulsion explosives has excellent properties of storage and thermal stability.