The Analysis Of Land Use And Degradation Changes In Zhalainur Mining Area

As the fundamental industry of the national lifeline, the coal industry has made great contributions to China’s economic. As the same time, the coal mining has led to many eco-environmental problems in many aspects. Since the implementation of western development strategy of china, the coal production center has transferred rapidly to the western region which has fragile ecological environment, and the land degradation has become serious in Western coal mining area.Based on the above background, taking zhalainur mining area in west region as the case study, this thesis presents the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of mine land use and degradation changes using Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographic Information System(GIS) techniques. The thesis is jointly supported by the survey of physical geography and environment in coal mining district of Western region of inherent, which is the subject one of the Science and Technology Basic Work(2014FY110800). Main contents of the thesis are listed as follow:Study on the land use cover change in Zhalainur mining area. With the supporting of land use change range, land use structure and transfer matrix to analysis the influence factors of land degradation. Result shows that: the influence factors of land degradation during 1995~2015 is the land excavation and coverage which caused by the open-pit mining. The surface subsidence caused by underground mining became the main cause of land degradation in 2005~2015.Study on the landscape pattern evolution in Zhalainur mining area. The evolution of the landscape pattern changes of mining area were analyzed based on landscape metrics from the landscape level and the plaque type level. The result shows that, in the open-pit mine, the landscape diversity reducing and the absolute advantage plaque outstanding is the performance of the mining land degradation. In the underground mine, the landscape heterogeneity and the plaque fragmentation increased is the performance of the mining land degradation.Study of land degradation in mining area based on land desertification. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of land desertification grades were analyzed based on desertification index that inversed by vegetation index. The result shows that, the area strongly affected by land desertification were mainly located in the land excavation and coverage which caused by the open-pit mining, and the land desertification degree was reduced due to the increasing area of collapse water which caused by the underground mining.Study of land degradation in mining area based on soil erosion. Revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) model were applied to analysis the soil erosion intensity and soil erosion amount. The result shows that, the soil erosion intensity in Zhalainur mining area is positively correlated with open-pit mining intensity, while it is negatively correlated with the underground tunnel mining intensity.Study of the correlation between land use pattern and land degradation in mining area. Quantitative analysis of the correlation between land use pattern and land degradation in mining area, and reveal effects on landscape pattern change of land degradation. The study shows that, the land use for mining and grassland were the most serious types of land desertification and soil erosion; The relativity for plaque type index and land degradation is larger than the landscape level index.Land degradation prevention measures are put forward, mainly for the use of nonengineering measures to treatment the land collapse in underground mine and use backfill, smooth slope, covering soil and afforestation measures to treatment the open-pit dump.