The Research On Landscape Pattern Change Of Concentrated Mining Area

Since the founding of People's Republic of China the rapid economic development has a large demand for coal resources,which brings about a large tract of damaged land.The mining enterprises have been integrated and reorganized under the background of supply-side reform of energy.Doing research on the distribution characteristics of the integrated mining enterprises and the landscape pattern in concentrated mining area will help to urge mining enterprises to carry out the restoration of the ecological environment and optimize the future land use pattern.This paper takes Pinglu District of Shouzhou City in Shanxi Province as the research area.The current land use of research area and the distribution characteristics of mining enterprises have been obtained from text analysis and the interpretation of RS images.The landscape pattern indexes are calculated by fragstats 4.2.Combined with the interpretation of remote sensing images and field investigation,I summarized the the distribution and area of damaged land caused by mining activities operated by existing mining enterprises in Pinglu District and determined the priority of restored area.Finally,I proposed targeted measures and recommendations.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)There are 32 coal enterprises and 32 stone material enterprises in Pinglu District.The 32 coal mining enterprises are concentrated in the southeast of Pinglu District,and 87% of mining enterprises are distributed across township-level administrative regions.The land use direction of concentrated mining area is soil and water conservation and ecological reconstruction.The stone material enterprises are sporadically distributed around the coal mines and in the middle of the Pinglu District.(2)The concentreated mining area in Pinglu District(referred to as the mining area)is about 12% of the area of Pinglu District.The proportion of mining land(stopes,industrial site,etc.)within the mining area is as high as 28%,and other land interfered by anthropogenic activities is also significantly higher than the overall level of the county.The results of landscape pattern analysis show that the ecological land in the mining area is mainly dry land,followed by grassland,and the grassland is the land-use type with high potential of material,energy and information exchange.The stopes which is highly fragmented is the main land-use with severe disturbance.From the level of landscape metrics,Pinglu mining area has a diversified land-use type and indicates a certain degree of aggregation characteristics.The CONTAG value is at a medium level,indicating that the dominant land-use type in the mining area has not yet form a good connection and have room for further optimization.(3)Compared with the overall level of Pinglu District,the vegetation coverage of mining area is reduced.The spatial clustering characteristics of vegetation coverage in mining areas are presented.The areas with the concentrated mining sites form low-low clustering,whereas the areas with concentrated dry land,grassland and forest land show high-high clustering.The underground mining did not cause significant disturbance to the regional vegetation biomass and biodiversity.Open-pit mining needs to strip the surface vegetation,so the land disturbance is intensive.The soil erosion in the mining area has been exacerbated without surface vegetation,especially on the slopes of open pits the soil erosion is particularly serious.Mining activities have little effect on surface water quality and make the surface runoff decrease.(4)The damaged land caused by mining activities in Pinglu District includes collapse and cracks,dumping sites in open-pit mines,abandoned industrial sites and slopes.The priority of area to be restored is determined by geological environment impact caused by damaged land distributed in mining enterprises.The funding of 2.69 billion RMB for the restoration of damaged land is evaluated according to Budget standard of the Pinglu District Mine Ecological Restoration and Management Program.Based on the concept of “ecological symbiosis of mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes and grassland”,the government should strengthen its leadership ability to coordinate the use of natural resources and ecological restoration projects and supervise mining enterprises.The auditing system for leading cadres is suggested to be implemented as soon as possible and it is important and meaningful to explore the new mode incorporating the government and social capital.