Research On Fire And Safety Evacuation Of Large-scale Railway Passenger Transport Hub

Modern large-scale railway passenger transport hub has such characteristics as hugebuilding grand, clustering functions, crowded, complicated evacuation route and so on. It isdifficult for passengers to evacuate out in emergency like a fire. So how to evacuate all thepassengers to the safe areas in the shortest time is very important for the safety of passengers.Taking Guangzhou East Railway Station as research object, the fire and safetyevacuation from large-scale railway passenger transport hub is studied. The main works andconclusions are as follow:(1) Through the combustion experiment of typical railway station combustible, thecombustible fire hazard was analysed by its ignition time and combustion surface temperaturefield. The results showed that the fire hazard order is: sofa sponge>luggage clothing>paper.(2) Based on local research, the fire simulation model of Guangzhou East RailwayStation was established by Pyrosim software to study the gasoline fire, luggage compartmentfire and soft-seat waiting room fire scenario. The quantitative results of gas temperature, airvisibility, poisonous and harmful gases concentration were got from fire simulation. Theresults showed that soft-seat waiting room fire was a great threat to the passenger evacuation.At the same time, the firefighting performance was assessed. It is reliable to fight the fire bythe fire equipment in the station for the smaller fire.(3) Based on local research, the multi-scenario evacuation model of Guangzhou EastRailway Station was established by BuildingEXODUS software. The simulation resultsshowed that the passengers on the lower floor could evacuate smoothly and the passengers onthe fourth floor would have a great difficult to escape to the lower floor because of the firehazard at the bottleneck position of the stairs. But it could be much better if they evacuatethrough the emergency exits and the ticket entrance on the fourth floor. It was needed to takesome guiding measures because the queuing evacuation density value reached the controlstandard. The evacuation time of empirical formula calculation result was close to thesimulation time.(4) The flow algorithm formula of large-scale railway passenger transport hub spassenger number design value was presented. Its rationality was demonstrated. Comparedwith the traditional density calculation method, its calculation result was more realistic.According to the characteristics of large-scale railway passenger transport hub, previous firecases and the condition of Guangzhou East Railway Station, the fault tree was established toanalyze the reasons of evacuation failure and obtain the importance order of the factors influencing evacuation.(5) The fire prevention measures of large-scale railway passenger transport hub werepresented from six aspects, which includes improving the architectural structure, decreasingthe fire load, standardizing the use of electrical equipment, introducing the “very early” firewarning system, strengthening the fire facilities construction, strengthening the securitycheck. The passengers safety evacuation strategies were discussed from three aspects. Thefirst is to build emergency control system of the station. The second is to introduce intelligentevacuation guidance system. The third is to present relevant system strategies of safetyevacuation and establish passenger safety guarantee system. It can provide certain referencefor safety design of large-scale railway passenger transport hub.