| Wetland is a particular ecosystem that falls in between the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem and an ecological landscape contains the most abundant biodiversity in nature. It’s the most important environment for human to live, since it provides plenty of production and living materials, but also can regulate climate, prevent flood and drought, produce materials, and degrade pollutant. Huarong East Lake National Wetland Park locates in the west Yueyang, north Hunan Province and the water flows north to Huarong River and south to Dongting Lake. There are abundant animal and plant resources in Huarong East Lake National Wetland Park and it is full of wetland function.By analyzing the distribution pattern of different landscape features and the distributions of biodiversity, biomass, carbon storage and carbon density, indicated specific landscape features and ecological functions of Huarong East Lake Wetland National Park in this paper. Through collecting basic information of Huarong East Lake Wetland National Park and references to wetland ecosystem at first stage and combining them with current resource situation in Huarong East Lake, using mathematic model, and referring to the results of relative research, made an objective and systematic analysis of landscape features on different areas.The content of the paper includes five parts as follow:(1) Carbon density. In Hunan Huarong East Lake National Wetland Park, the carbon density of ecosystem is mainly distributed in turf, carbon density of which is between30.10～60.00t·hm-2. While the average carbon density of arborous and undergrowth vegetation layer are60.10～90.00t·hm-2and36.10～48.00t·hm-2. Compared with carbon density of vegetation in Dongting Lake which is15.61～40.500t·hm-2, it is higher in East Lake wetland. The carbon density of aquatic plant (6.1～9.0t·hm-2) in East Lake is also higher than Dongting Lake (3.26t·hm-2). The result may due to the large population and frequent activity by fishermen around the East Lake.(2) Biodiversity. Through the analysis of biodiversity of different communities in Huarong East Lake, found that the Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of plant and animal community are4.41,0.98and3.99,0.70, indicating that biodiversity of both plant and animal are ample, especially the plant, which has the highest uniformity and richness. The Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of aquatic plant and terrestrial plant community are1.56,0.78and1.28,0.70, which shows that the biodiversity of aquatic plant community is better than the terrestrial one, due to that water quality, water level, sunlight, soil and human activity have provided the beneficial growth condition and nutrition to emerging plant, floating leaved plant, submerged plant and floating plant.(3) Distribution pattern of resources. By taking survey in Huarong East Lake and using GIS software, obtained the result. Fern is the major wetland plant in the Huarong East Lake National Wetland Park, and the percentage of fern is44.12%in all the wetland plants in China, while the major forest vegetation in the wetland is Pinus massoniana. Animal resource is abundant in Wetland Park and the main species is birds, the quantity of which is31.23%in Hunan province and9.33%in China.(4) Biomass and carbon storage. The biomass of major trees in arborous layer: Cunninghamia (58.07t·hm-2), Broadleaf tree (34.46t·hm-2), Pinus massoniana (27.07t·hm-2), and Pinus elliottii (3.61t·hm-2). The carbon storage in arborous layer: Cunninghamia (43.89-hm"2), Pinus massoniana (27.45t·hm-2), Broadleaf tree (27.44t·hm-2), and Pinus elliottii (1.80t·hm-2). The carbon storage of undergrowth vegetation:Cunninghamia (8.56t·hm-2), Broadleaf tree (5.40t·hm-2), Pinus massoniana (5.35t·hm-2), and Pinus elliottii (1.80t·hm-2). The carbon storage in forestry: Cunninghamia (54.60t-hm"2), Pinus massoniana (34.15t·hm-2), Broadleaf tree (34.14t-hm"2), and Pinus elliottii (11.46t·hm-2). The total carbon storage of different vegetation types:Cunninghamia (15127.20t), Shrub (10948.12t), Pinus massoniana (10266.09t), Broadleaf tree (2936.27t) and Pinus elliottii (1021.83t). The data indicates that Pinus elliottii has a strong ability to fix carbon and plays an important role in moderating the global greenhouse effect.(5) Ecological functions. Climate regulation:The temperature in research area is obviously1.8℃lower than Huarong county. Water resource regulation:East Lake wetland can intercept and store rainfall, inhibit evaporation, reduce surface runoff and enhance precipitation. The water quality in East Lake is evaluated above level Ⅲ, even as level Ⅱ in certain area. Tourism and research value:The tourism resource is varied, but also has great research value. It can provide an ideal experimental base not only to the researchers who study on the fish or birds, but also to college students to practice. |
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