| With environment and energy problems increasingly serious, the electric vehicle(EV) due to its advantages of low energy consumption and the zero pollution isgaining more and more attention. EVs and power grid are in a state of control withthe development of the EVs industry and intelligent technology of power system.Bidirectional interaction between energy and information can be realized, that iscalled V2G (vehicle to grid). However, the EV’s random charging behavior is decidedby the owner’s choice. If there is no corresponding policy or methods to lead themassive uncontrolled behaviors, the safe and stable problems of power grid operationwill be brought about.Because EV’s charging and discharging behavior is mainly decided on EVowner, it’s difficult for power grid to change EV owners’ will through routinescheduling methods. TOU price mechanism can balance the interests of both powergrid and EV owners. Its macroeconomic regulation function makes the most of EVowners volunteer to change the charging and discharging time. First of all, thecalculation formula of self elastic coefficient and cross elastic coefficient is derivedfrom the definition of demand price elasticity, based on the discrete attractive model.The discrete attractive model is linearized through mathematical operation. The SPSSsoftware is used to estimate the parameters and then the demand price elasticitymatrix can be calculated. Secondly, EVs can be divided into four types according totheir response to TOU price. Using demand price elasticity matrix, four types of theEV charging and discharging models are established. At last, considering the benefitsfor EV owners and power grid, a set of optimal time-of-use (TOU) price can becalculated by multi-objective optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm toguide the EVs charging and discharging behaviours. The results indicate that theoptimal TOU price not only can save owners’ money significantly, but also canreduce power losses and smooth the load curve. |
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