Research On Interior Load Characteristics And Energy Consumption Prediction Of Office Buildings

In the many factors that influence the building loads and energy consumption,internal factors take considerable proportion. At the same time, with the improvementof building enclosures, the effects external factors made on building indoorenvironment decreased. The effects of the internal factors increased prominently.However, the current studies have not formed any theory systems about therelationship between internal factors and building loads or energy consumption. Theenergy conservation technologies about internal factors have not been formulated.Thus, it is of great necessary to give an insight into the internal factors that makeinfluences on the building loads and energy consumption.In order to analyze the internal factors, it is primary to define the so-called―internal loads disturbances‖explicitly. The ideology of people-oriented was adopted.The first rule of buildings was satisfying the requirements of occupants. Themechanism of internal factors made influence on building loads was analyzed andthese factors could be summed up as the following5: the setting of indoortemperature and humidity, occupants’ activity, usage of indoor equipment, usage ofillumination and the usage of external windows. Then, the definition of internal loadsdisturbances and the analytical expression were proposed. Through significanceanalysis, the range of this study was delimited as the3most significant factors,namely occupants, equipment and illuminants, the narrow sense of internal loadsdisturbances.A survey on typical rooms in office buildings was conducted to analyze thecharacteristics of internal loads disturbances.3steps were taken in the survey whichincluded field research and questionnaires. The occupants’ activity, usage ofequipment and illuminants were recorded. Qualitative analysis and quantitativedescription were obtained based on the survey data. As for occupants, typical bimodaldistribution with time was presented by the rate of indoor occupants to full designnumber. This characteristic could be described by cubic polynomials. The fittingprecision was around0.9, which was very high. With regard to computers, the mainequipment of offices, the occurrence of instantaneous power was proved to be astochastic process. The Markov chain-Monte Carlo method was adopted to analyze the input power of equipment. With respect to other equipment and illuminants, thetypical―0-1‖characteristic was presented when taken the usage custom and controlmechanical into consideration. The input power model was built up.An energy consumption prediction model was established based on the abovemodels. It was proved to be practical through a case study. Pertinent recommendationswere proposed for the design and control of air-conditioning systems.