Research On Vehicle Routing Problem Of City Distribution Based On Pure Electric Vehicle

With the acceleration of China urbanization process and the unprecedented prosperity of e-commerce, city distribution has been developed rapidly. But as a kind of economic behavior in the city, city distribution has the shortcoming of "External diseconomy", especially the fuel delivery vehicles’Influence on urban transportation and environment, which has hindered the urban sustainable development process. As new energy vehicles, pure electric vehicles are low energy consumption, small pollution and other advantages, which have been proved to have a positive effect to solve the adverse effects of city distribution. However, compared to traditional fuel vehicles, pure electric vehicles have the characteristics of short endurance mileage, small power and slow speed. In the distribution process, the risk of the power consumption is too big so that the distribution scope and quality of electric vehicles is greatly reduced. In view of this, combined with the actual application condition of pure electric vehicles in the logistics industry, the paper studies the city distribution vehicle routing problem based on pure electric vehicles. The research content can be express as follows:(1)The feasibility and necessity of the application of pure electric vehicles to city distribution are studied and analyzed. Based on the study of the related concepts of city distribution, and the characteristic and target of city distribution, analysis the feasibility and necessity of the pure electric vehicles applied to city distribution from the perspective of social benefits, environmental benefits and economic benefits.(2) The model of city distribution vehicle routing problem based on the pure electric vehicle (PEVbCDVRP) is constructed. Based on the research of vehicle routing problem (VRP) classification, and the characteristics of pure electric vehicles, this paper builds the PEVbCD VRP model which has the constraints of capacity, driving mileage on a single charge, daily mileage based on social charging network.(3) The solution algorithm of PEVbCDVRP model is designed. First of all, the actual scheduling method in enterprises is abstracted as an K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm(KNN) and this paper gives KNN steps to solve the PEVbCDVRP model. Secondly, considering the characteristics of the basic Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) and the PEVbCDVRP model, a kind of Ant Colony Algorithm is designed to solve the PEVbCDVRP model and the solution logic and concrete steps of the algorithm are given. On this basis, a PEVbCDVRP model is constructed based on the simulation data, which is solved by KNN and ACA. The results show that the ACA are better than the KNN from no matter total path length, quantity of delivery vehicles or vehicle load rate, which verifies the effectiveness of the Ant Colony Algorithm to solve PEVbCDVRP model.(4)Application of PEVbCDVRP model and algorithm in A enterprise. It analyzes the operational status of pure electric vehicles in city distribution business of A enterprise. On the basis, this paper designs A enterprise distribution scheme:using social charging network scheduling, the city distribution process of A enterprise which apply pure electric vehicles is abstracted as a model of PEVbCDVRP. By solving the model, it gets a satisfactory result, which reflects the practical significance of the PEVbCDVRP model and algorithm designed in this paper.