Studies On Personnel Available Evacuation Time T_ASET Of Large Shopping Mall Fire

Complex structure of the large shopping mall, and it has a wide variety and a large amount of fuel, prone to large-scale fire, resulting in huge economic losses. Large personnel density in shopping mall, especially during the holidays, if there is not enough staff available evacuation time, there will be major casualties when the fire occurs.This paper analyzes the possible causes of fire from people, objects, the environment of the three systems, pointing out the relationship of the three systems being mutual influence and mutual promotion. According to the commercial form of the existing mall and some data in the literature, determine the fire load density in the different functional areas of the large shopping mall. Combining with the structural characteristics of large shopping malls, detailed analysis of the characteristics of fire, it expounds the cause of large fire risk in large scale mall.Based on the function of Oriental International Market, the structure of the building space, the type and distribution of the fuel, the characteristics of the interior personnel, the personnel density and the fire fighting facilities in the building,combining with division mall fire district, following the most unfavorable principles of setting fire scene, that is, the set of fire scenarios can lead to the greatest risk of fire,full account of the factors that fire scale, characteristics of building internal structure,safety exit distribution, fire floor and fire protection facilities, seting five fire locations,20 different fire scenarios in Oriental International Market. Analyzing fire growth rate in different areas, such as atrium, commercial hall, dining area, and the maximum heat release rate when the fire is under effective control or not, determine the type of firedevelopment are rapid fire t2 and fire growth coefficientα=0.04689 kW/s2。Suppose after the fire, a fire shutter did not fall due to a fault or a fire shutter damaged in the fire of the mall two fire district boundaries, causing the smoke to spread in two fire zones. This paper uses fire simulation software FDS for different fire scenarios simulation, Compares simulation results, analyzes automatic sprinkler system and mechanical exhaust system play the role of change of Smoke, carbon monoxide concentration, visibility and temperature in the process of development of fire. It researches automatic sprinkler system and mechanical exhaust system to influence of personnel available evacuation time of fire shop and fire district, obtaining the following conclusions:1. The personnel available evacuation time of fire shop and fire district was very little when the failure of automatic sprinkler system and mechanical smoke extraction systems in fire district.2. The personnel available evacuation time of fire shop reduced, that of fire district increased when the failure of automatic sprinkler system and the action of mechanical smoke extraction systems in fire district.3. The personnel available evacuation time of fire shop had no obvious changed,that of fire district had obvious increased when the action of automatic sprinkler system and the failure of mechanical smoke extraction systems in fire district.4. The action of automatic sprinkler system, and mechanical smoke extraction systems in fire district effection compared with the failure, the personnel available evacuation time of fire shop reduced, that of fire district slight increased.