Investigation And Analysis Of Grain Production And Market Competitiveness In The Western Region Of Heilongjiang Province

With the adjustment of planting structure, coarse cereals have become the efficient cashcrops attracting government’s attention. However, up to now, there is no report about theresearch of coarse cereals in the west of Heilongjiang province such as production anddistribution, occurrence and prevention of diseases and insect pests, planting costs and benefits,current status of processing industry. Therefore, the research analyzed the general situation ofcoarse cereals cultivation from2009to2013in the west of Heilongjiang province through thequestionnaire, literature review and field survey. Meanwhile, this study initially clarified thecultivation and production situation, and processing situation of coarse cereal in this area, drawthe following main conclusions:1.From2009to2013, the coarse cereals planting areas of Nehe, Dumeng and Tailai arelarger, accounting for7.0~8.9%,6.6~11.1%and5.4~8.2%of the total grainacreage respectively. The total planting area of each coarse cereal from big to small is as follows:kidney bean, sorghum, mungbean, adzuki bean, millet, broomcorn millet. The mungbean planting area decreased most, while the sorghum planting area increased most. The yield ofsorghum, millet, adzuki beans, mung beans were higher than the average yield of those in thewhole country.2.The mechanization degree of sorghum production is the highest, other coarse cereals arebasically abandoned the traditional extensive management methods, the basic do fine soilpreparation before sowing, ridge on the precision demand. Except for sorghum, millet andbroomcorn millet, Adzuki beans, kidney beans and mung beans production in general ispeasants’own seeds.The occurrence of disease is usually not controlled except for the seriousones.The herbicide is not used in other coarse cereals except for sorghum.3.The purchase price of maize and soybean in the west of Heilongjiang provincerespectively ranges from1.4to1.7RMB per kilogram and from4.0to4.8RMB per kilogram,and the purchase prices of adzuki beans, mung beans, kidney beans, millet, sorghum andbroomcorn millet are respectively ranging from8.2to12.0RMB per kilogram, from11.0to13.0RMB per kilogram, from3.4to9.0RMB per kilogram, from4.6to5.6RMB per kilogram, from1.6to2.4RMB per kilogram, and from5.5to6.0RMB per kilogram. The purchase price of each coarse cereal is all higher than that of maize, and the purchase prices of adzuki beans, mung bean,kidney bean, millet, broomcorn millet are higher than that of soybean. The pure income ofadzuki beans and kidney beans were higher than maize271RMB per666.7m2and54RMB per666.7m2in the west of Heilongjiang province..The pure income of mung beans, sorghum andmillet almost equals to the pure income of maize. The pure income of adzuki beans, mung beans,kidney beans, sorghum and millet are respectively higher than soybean493RMB per666.7m2,216RMB per666.7m2,276RMB per666.7m2,192RMB per666.7m2,175RMB per666.7m2.4.Almost all the cities and counties have created their own brand about coarse cereals in thewest of Heilongjiang province. Products is basically produced by traditional methods ofprocessing food, such as sticky bean bag, mung bean cake, green gram starch, mung bean sprouts,and sorghum liquor, etc. Deep processing of products is basically a blank except for Kaoliangalcohol. The development mode of coarse cereals industry in the west of Heilongjiang provinceis the "company plus planting cooperatives plus peasants" and "market plus base".5.During the coarse cereals industry development, the problems remain there including theless of leading enterprise and its highly processed products, the similarity of products betweenenterprises, etc. The proposed suggestions are as follows: do technology demonstration andpromotion, improve the processing technology of coarse cereals and develop highly processedproducts, enhance the joint of various industries, formulate relevant policies which is favorableto the coarse cereals industry, integrate the brand resources.