Study Of Distribution Law About Wine Yeast Of Changli Wine Region In China

Wine fermentation is a complex microbial reaction process involving the sequential development of various species of yeast and lactic acid bacteria, and the yeast is key of the alcohol fermentation process. In this study, wine yeast isolation and identification were conducted among different vineyards in Changli wine region, and yeast distribution law was studied as well. This study laid the foundation to select fine S.cerevisiae strains for fine wine brewing, and also be seemed as basis for compartment of wine region.Samples from soil, phyllome and grape suface, and wine spontaneous fermentation was studied in this work. And all the samples were taken from 13 vineyards ( 5 varieties of grape) of Changli wine region in 2009 and 2010 vintages.YEPD agar medium, dilution spread and sreaking were adopted for yeast isolation. WL agar medium was used for cluster analysis according to the color and morphology of yeast colony and micro-morphology. 5.8S rDNA ITS region RFLP analysis was taken for molecular identification of wine yeast, and sequence analysis was put into use for identification of some yeast strains.2101 yeast strains were isolated from 141 samples in all. And 60 morphology types were gained after clustal analysis by WL medium. 50 molecular types were obtained through 5.8S rDNA ITS region RFLP analysis. 385 yeast strains belonging to 40 kinds of mophology types (36 molecular types) were isolated from 47 soil samples. 218 yeast strains belonging to 21 kinds of mophology types (17 molecular types) were isolated from 24 phyllome surface samples.571 yeast strains belonging to 46 kinds of mophology types (36 molecular types) were isolated from 55 grape surface samples. And 927 yeast strains belonging to 31 kinds of mophology types (25 molecular types) were isolated from wine spontaneous fermentation.Yeasts of 10 mophology types (9 kinds of molecular types) from wine spontaneous fermentation were identified using sequence analysis of 5.8S rDNA ITS region, and finally 8 species belonging to 7 genera were confirmed: Aureobasidium pullulans, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora vineae, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Pichia caribbica, Cryptococcus flavescenss, Candida zemplinina and Saccharomyce cerevisiae.Yeast biodiversity, dynamics and distribution were stusied systematively in this work. And results show that, distribution of wine yeasts in Changli wine region was affected by climate condition, soil types, terrain of vineyards, grape varieties, frame style for cultivation, use of pesticide and many other factors. This study shows great yeast diversity of Changli wine region.Yeast dynamics during spontaneous fermentation followed a general rule: during early stages of fementation non-S.cerevisiae showed significant participation; with the fermentation proceeded alcohol content increased; and for the late stages S.cerevisiae dominated the fermentation process replacing the non-S.cerevisiae.