Study On The Effects Of Changed Variety By Grafting Method Of The Longan And Litchi

The fruit tree is mostly perennial plant, which updates varieties by the way of grafting usually. Changing variety in the longan and litchi needs3-4years to set fruit at least, which has an effect on the activity of the growers changing variety. Exploring the new grafting method which the grafting survival rate and the yield is high, and recovery of the tree potential is fast, to get the good grafting method of setting fruits earlier.the results were showed as follows:1. The survival quantity of scion of per tree of the high-grafted on stock(T2) were much more than the treatment of grafting immediately after heavily retractive pruning(T1) and the treatment of grafting on the new shoot after heavily retractive pruning(T3), the survival rate of grafting of T2and T3were significantly higher than T1, The survival quantity of scion of per tree was3,45and8.The survival rate of T2, T3and T1were27.27%,63.10%and72.73%. The more closure was the interface of the interstocks, the more difficult to survive is the scion. The scion of the T1which had been the heavily retractive pruned were growed too fast, and too little scion and the bearing bacal shoot, which was not good for the flower bud differentiation of the coming year.The T3was also setted fruits, and need three years to recover the the original crown of the tree. The height and the crown of the T2were as the same as before, and the number of the scion was much more than the T1and T3, and the T2was grafted on the first year, and setted fruit on the next year. In accordance with the calculation of45longan tree per unit area, the yield of the unit area was362.25kg, which meaned the T2can set fruit and have yield earlier.2. The concent of the total nitrogen and potassium of the longan leaf of T1and T3were too higher,Grafted a year later, the roots of longan of the treatment of grafting after fruit picking and a short cutting was maximum and the most widely of another two processings. The depth is the soil, the less is the soil organic matter. The concent of the soil organic matter of T1, T2and T3was12.44g/kg,13.01g/kg and12.26g/kg. The T2had more leaves, and had more the fallen leaves, which was helpful for the increase of the soil organic matter. 3. The litchi leaf area and the SPAD content of the treatment of cut-grafting on the new shoot after heavily retractive pruning(tl) were higher, the scion of the treatment was growed too fastthere had a big difference on the light intensity of the t1and the treatment of side-grafting on the spring and cut-grafting after fruit picking on the summer(t2), but little effects on the physiology. The survival rate of grafting of the t1and t2were:97.92%、94.34%, the survival rate of side-grafting of the t2was100%.The height of the litchi tree of T1and T2after grafted were118.7cm and218.3cm, the crown were135.3cm and261.4cm. After side-grafting, the ex-variety Heli continued to setting fruit, which can have yield the next year.4. The treatment of cut-grafting on the new shoot after heavily retractive pruning (TA) did not set fruit. The yield per unit area of the control treatment which had not had the pruning of the canopy closure tree and grafted (TC) was180kg. The yield per unit area of grafting inside of the chamber and fruit bearing outside the chamber after the pruning of the canopy closure tree was1200kg. The T2can make over grafting and over setting fruit come ture,which will not the yield and should be promoted.