Study On The Characteristic Of Common Cleistogamous Wheat Tissue Culture In Vitro And Genetic Analysis

Common wheat is an autogamous crop. When the wheat blossoms, its lodicule expandsupon imbibing water and makes the lemma and palea stretch, the filament extends at a gallopduring this time, the anther stretches out of glume and dehisces, and the pollen diffuses so asto carry out pollination. Generally, the amount of the glume flowerets of common wheataccounts for60%to95%of the total number of the flowerets. Most of the common wheatfollow this kind of form to normal bloom and pollinate. It is a rare character for commonwheat to carry out full clistogamy, which would well keep the wheat’s genetic characteristicand increase the coercion of biological and non-biological of wheat’s tassel. At the same time,wheat clistogamy is also one of the safest and the cheapest way of protective measure toprevent the flow of exogenous gene for transgenic wheat, in wheat breeding, in particular thegreat application potential in wheat molecular breeding. This research takes the sixclistogamy wheat variation strains133-3，133-8，133-38，133-9，133-A，133-B，133-1whichobtained by topics group as materials to carry out a systemic genetic analysis of theclistogamy characteristic of common wheat clistogamy variation, as well as carrying out aresearch of in vitro culture characteristics of six clistogamy wheat strains anthers, youngembryo and mature embryo organization. It seeks to clarify the genetic characteristics and theregular patterns of common wheat clistogamy variation, and to discuss the in vitro tissueculture characteristics of common wheat clistogamy strain, and to filter out the best in vitroculture tissue, genotype and culture conditions of clistogamy wheat, so as to provide a theoryevidence for the molecular breeding of clistogamy wheat, in particular the transgenic safetybreeding. The research obtains the following results:1. Wheat clistogamy strain133-3and the five wheat glume varieties hybrid F1performas the full glume pollination, and the separation of clistogamy and glume of the F2generationgroups. Card square (Χ2) suitability test shows that the numbers of the wheat of full glumepollination and full clistogamy wheat meet the segregation ratios of3:1（Χ22c<Χ0.05=3.841),which shows that the wheat clistogamy variant trait is controlled by a pair of recessive genes.2. The six common wheat clistogamy strains and the wheat anther callus induction ratesare higher than the glume pollination materials of Qianjin zao’s and Xiaoyan22’s, and show the differences among strains. Among them, the highest callus rate of133-9is5.05%, whilethe lowest callus rate of133-8is3.08%, but the highest differentiation rates of its anthercallus is4.88%, the next is133-1which reaches4.48%, and then133-B and133-38, theirdifferentiation rates are from3.59%to3.85%which are lower, while the differentiation rateof133-A is the lowest, only1.31%.3. Except133-1, there is no significant difference between the calluses of the immatureembryo in vitro cultural of the five common wheat breeds and the compare materialsXianyan22and Qianjin Zao. One of the highest rates of callus is133-1which reaches97.83%, while the callus rate of133-A which is91%, is the lowest. But differences of thedisintegration rates of different materials are significant: one of the highest differentiationrates is133-8which is as high as40.70%and the differentiation rate of133-A is only14.44%which is the lowest.4. The callus rates of the mature embryos of the six common wheat clistogamy aresignificantly higher than the compare materials Qianjin’s and Xiaoyan22’s, and thedifferentiation rates between clistogamy strains is vary widely. Among them, thedifferentiation rate of133-1is the highest which is as high as27.93%. It is at the same levelas Xiaoyan22’s. The differentiation rates of133-8and133-38are18.25%and13.51, whichare higher than compare material Qianjin Zao’s, but lower than compare material Xiaoyan22’s. The differentiation rate of133-B is at the same level with compare material QianjinZao’s. The differentiation rate of133-A and133-9are higher than10%, the differentiationrate of Xinong133A is the lowest, only7.89%.5. There are some differences between the in vitro tissue and callus induction of variousclistogamy wheat strains and regeneration characteristics. Among the provided six clistogamystrains the in vitro culture characteristics of133-1and133-8are excellent. Among them,the differentiation callus of mature embryos of133-1is the highest which is as high as27.93%, and the differentiation rate of the immature embryos of133-8is the highest which isas high as40.70%, and the anther differentiation rate of both materials is the best which is all4.48%, it is at the same level with compare material Xiaoyan22’s. The in vitro culturecharacteristic of133-A is the worst. In the process of the in vitro culture of3explants, theregeneration efficiency of immature embryos culture is the highest, and the regenerationefficiency of mature embryos is second, anther’s is the worst. There is not any significantcorrelation between the callus and differentiation rates in the provided clistogamy materials.