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Studies On The Regulating Technology Of The Growth, Sugar/Nicotine Ratio And The Organic Potassium Index Of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

Posted on:2015-01-21Degree:MasterType:Thesis
Country:ChinaCandidate:Y H WuFull Text:PDF
GTID:2283330434460362Subject:Tobacco science
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Field experiments were conducted in yellow soil from2012to2013in Jiyuan, Henan tounderstand the regulation mechanism of growth, sugar:nicotine ratio, and organic potassium indexof flue-cured tobacco, in order to promote dry matter accumulation, coordinate sugar:nicotine ratio,and increases the organic potassium index of flue-cured tobacco. The main results are as follows:1. In this study, we applied the following five treatments to tobacco: root cutting whiletopping (C); root cutting and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) application while topping (C+I);root cutting and potassium topdressing while topping (C+K); root cutting, IAA application, andpotassium topdressing while topping (C+K+I); and topping only (CK). We determined the effectsof these treatments on tobacco biomass, the sugar:nicotine ratio, and the organic potassium indexof tobacco in field experiments. All of these measures increased the biomass of roots and leaves atthe advanced stage of maturity, compared with those of CK. Compared with the C treatment, theC+K+I treatment increased biomass of roots and leaves. All of these measures also decreasednicotine accumulation and total sugar content in upper leaves. Spraying tobacco plants with IAAreduced the sugar:nicotine ratio in various parts of tobacco plants; the largest decrease in the leafsugar:nicotine ratio was in the C+K+I treatment. In that treatment, the sugar:nicotine ratio in thelower, middle, and upper tobacco leaves decreased by19.12%,15.33%, and8.15%, respectively,compared with those in CK. In all of the treatments, the potassium content increased and the Cl-and SO42-contents decreased, compared with their respective contents in CK. The C+K+Itreatment increased the organic potassium index in lower, middle, and upper leaves. The largestincrease was in the middle and upper leaves, which showed a125%and209%increase in organicpotassium index, respectively, compared with that of the respective tissues in CK. From theseresults, we can conclude that the combination of root cutting, IAA application, and topdressingwith potassium fertilizer contributes to the accumulation of dry matter, decreases thesugar:nicotine ratio, and increases the organic potassium index of flue-cured tobacco. 2. As for topdressing different potassium experiment, we applied the following fivetreatments to tobacco: no topdressing potassium (K1); topdressing normal potassium (K2);topdressing normal potassium as well as biological potassium fertilizers of1kilogramme per mu(K3); topdressing normal potassium as well as organic potassium fertilizers of1kilogramme permu (K4); and topdressing potassium citrate of43.97kilogramme per mu (K5). We determined theeffects of these5treatments on tobacco biomass, the sugar:nicotine ratio, and the organicpotassium index of tobacco in field experiments.It turned out: tobacco plants of K3and K5treatment showed the best form, grew best andaccumulated the most amount of dry matter in various growth periods. And in the other threetreatments (K1, K2and K4), no significant difference was found in other indicators except that inthe mature period, the lamina mass of K4treatment was significantly more than the other twotreatments (K1and K2). In the mature period, all the indicators of the K3and K5treatmentshowed no significant difference except for UVR. Compared with the CK treatment, K5treatmentincreased the amount of the osmiophilic substance and thus resulted in more aroma substance oftobacco. As for the lower tobacco leaves, the K3and K5treatment significantly increased thesugar:nicotine ratio by14.03%and19.63%,respectively, compared with K2treatment. As for themiddle tobacco leaves, the K3and K5treatment significantly decreased the sugar:nicotine ratio by20.78%and25.99%,respectively, compared with K2treatment. As for the upper tobacco leaves,the K3and K5treatment significantly increased the sugar:nicotine ratio by19.38%and34.38%,respectively, compared with K2treatment. In a word, the K3and K5treatment bothcoordinated the sugar:nicotine ratio of the middle and upper tobacco leaves. The K3treatmentsignificantly increased the organic potassium index of various parts of tobacco leaves. In K3treatment, the lower, middle and upper tobacco leaves increased the organic potassium index by60.87%、122.73%and54.29%,respectively while K5treatment,186.96%、173.86%and77.14%,respectively, compared with the CK. In all, on the basis of normal application of fertilizers,topdressing biological potassium fertilizers or potassium citrate can improve the growth oftobacco leaves, coordinate the sugar:nicotine ratio and increase the organic potassium index. Butpotassium citrate is too expensive to apply to production and at present production condition,topdressing biology potassium fertilizers is a valid option. 3.As for different application of nitrogen fertilizers and different ratio of N and K experiment,we applied5treatments to to tobacco: spreading nitrogen fertilizers of5kilogram per mu and theratio of N and K2O is1:3(T1); spreading nitrogen fertilizers of5kilogram per mu and the ratio ofN and K2O is1:5(T2); spreading nitrogen fertilizers of5kilogram per mu and the ratio of N andK2O is1:7(T3); spreading nitrogen fertilizers of4kilogram per mu and the ratio of N and K2O is1:5(T4); spreading nitrogen fertilizers of3kilogram per mu and the ratio of N and K2O is1:5(T5). We determined the effects of these treatments on tobacco biomass, the sugar:nicotine ratio,and the organic potassium index of tobacco in field experiments. It indicated: under the conditionof spreading nitrogen fertilizers of5kilogramme per mu, with the increase of potassiumapplication, the dry weight in the root and leaf both increased firstly and then decreased. But underthe condition that the ratio of N and K2O is1:5, the dry weight accumulation of various parts oftobacco plants in T5treatment is significantly less than that of the T4and T2treatment, and thedry weight accumulation showed no significant differences between T4and T2treatment. In T4treatment, tobacco grew well, accumulated more dry matter and the microclimate of group growthwas kept in an appropriate scope. The sugar:nicotine ratio of tobacco’s each part was at a suitablelevel in both T2and T4treatment, but in the T4treatment, the sugar:nicotine ratio wassignificantly decreased in the lower leaves and increased in the middle leaves, compared with theT2treatment. Under the condition that the ratio of N and K2O is1:5, with the decrease of nitrogenfertilizer application, the organic potassium index of various parts of tobacco plants increasedfirstly and then decreased. And the organic potassium index of T4treatment is significantly morethan that of T2treatment and the lower, middle and upper tobacco leaves of T4treatmentincreased the organic potassium index by99.03%、69.33%and62.67%, respectively, comparedwith the T2treatment. Thus tobacco plants in the T4treatment had the highest organic potassiumindex, flammability and tobacco quality. In production, we can keep the normal ratio of N andK2O (1:5) and slightly reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers, so it can lead to the control ofnitrogen, stabilization of potassium, and the reduction of sulfur as well as production cost savingand improving tobacco quality.
Keywords/Search Tags:Flue-cured tobacco, Cutting roots, Indole-3-acetic acid, Potassium, Nitrogenfertilizer, The ratio of N and K, Growth, Sugar-nicotine ratio, The organic potassium index
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