| Tomato is one of the main vegetable species of protected cultivationin north China,studying on tomato colony microclimate in solar greenhouse hasbecome a new topic.The most research focused on field crops,such as wheat,corn andcotton, few did on tomato. The study on greenhouse microclimate always pointed atthe closed environment itself, there were few research combined greenhouse withcorp growth.At nowadays,cultivation pattern is diversified. In order to judge tomato growthenvironment and guid facility environment management,we need not only theorystudy, environment factors measurement data but also need to be analyzed. Theexperiment based on contrast and observation of different planting density tomatocolony microclimate, analysis the daily variation characteristics of environmentfactors,such as air temperature,air humidity,light intensity,surface soil and soiltemperature from the top layer, middle layer and bottom layer of different densitytomato colony in summer solar greenhouse, contrast with ridge gap andoutdoor.What was more, the impact on tomato leaf area and yield was alsoresearched. Then we got the best planting density for summer greenhouse tomato.The result is significant for controlling environment in summer cultivated tomatocolony cultivating plant and so on.The main results are shown as follows:1. Comparative study on different planting density tomato colony microclimate.Air temperature.On sunny,cloudy and rainy days, tomato colony air temperaturereached a maximum at14:00,the temperature increased first and then decreased.Thetomato colony mean daily temperature increased with the density, namely:plantspacing30cm＞plant spacing40cm＞plant spacing50cm.The daily averagetemperature among the three layers were top layer＞middle layer＞bottom layer,andthe most significant difference appeared at14:00.The surface and soil temperature.Compared with the air temperature, the surfacesoil and soil temperature lagged behind.Among the three kinds of weather conditions,0:00~24:00, The surface soil and soil temperature decreased first,then increased,anddecreased at last. Overall,the tomato colony daily average surface soil and soiltemperature were as follows:plant spacing50cm＞plant spacing40cm＞plant spacing30cm.Compared with sunny day, the difference among the three treatments was notsignificant on cloudy and rainy day.Light intensity.Among the three typical weather,the trend of tomato colony,ridgegap in greenhouse and outdoor were consistent, they all increased first and thendecreased.In the measuring range (8:00~18:00), the light intensity got peak at12:00on sunny days and cloudy days,while it got peak at14:00on cloudy days, itsminimum came out at18:00under three typical weather condition. The daily averagelight intensity were plant spacing50cm＞plant spacing40cm＞plant spacing30cm, top layer＞middle layer＞bottom layer.Air humidity. Under three typical weather, the trend of three densitytreatments,ridge gap and outdoor were consistent, they all decreased first and thenincreased. In the test range(8:00~18:00), tomato colony air humidity got peak at8:00,its minimum came out at14:00on sunny days,while it did at16:00on cloudy daysand12:00on rainy days.Under three typical weather condition,the air humidity wererainy day＞cloudy day＞sunny day, plant spacing30cm＞plant spacing40cm＞plant spacing50cm, bottom layer＞middle layer＞top layer.2. The effect of planting density on tomato leaf area and yield.Leaf area. Tomato leaf area was negatively correlated with planting density. In thewhole growth period, the leaf area were plant spacing50cm＞plant spacing40cm＞plant spacing30cm,and the differences among the three density treatments were moreand more obvious along with the tomato growth.Tomato yield. The yield of the three density treatments were plant spacing40cm＞plant spacing30cm＞plant spacing50cm. Weight of per fruit and fringe fruit werenegatively correlated with planting density, but the differences of unit area yield, theplant50cm treatment was the least.3. A detailed analysis and research on different planting density tomato colony insummer solar greenhouse came out from the test.The results showed that,the tomato colony environment was a dynamicprocess,environment factors (such as temperature,light,humidity) differed with timeand location.In the test range, there was no one density best for any weather conditionand tomato growth period.Relatively, the tomato colony of plant spacing40cm wasmore balanced in temperature,light and humidity, also with the highest yield, therefore,it was best suited to spread in production. |
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