| Apple production in the Loess Plateau has the best ecological conditions.Shaanxi appleplanting area has reached623,000hectares,output reached12.03million tons in2011.Whilegrowing apples has the excellent ecological conditions,but the distribution of soil nutrients inthe Loess Plateau is imbalance and the overall soil organic matter content is low.Orchardmanagement has excessive application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer,while lack ofpotash and manure fertilizer,fruit quality has to be further improved.The test based on theanalvsis of soil nutrient of Yaozhou,Yintai and Yijun district in gully region on the LoessPlateau,combining with the actual situation in the apple orchard to use organic fertilizer(twofertilizer levels of avermectin and chicken manure) to young orchard,full fruit orchard andaging orchard in Yaozhou district.To discuss the influence of chemical fertilizer andorganic+chemical fertilizer on different age of orchards.Preliminary analyse the soil and leafnutrients content and fruit quality changes and correlation in two sampling period(spring andsummer),provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of apple orchards.Themain conclusions are as follows:1. In three districts(Yaozhou,Yintai and Yijun),soil organic matter content were moderatelevel,avail N content was medium-low level and avail P,K content belonged to a higherlevel.Avail Mn content was rich and avail Cu,Zn,Fe content were scarce in Yaozhou and Yijundistrict.2. Researching the different age and management orchards in Yaozhou found that thetreatment of organic-inorganic in a long term in aging orchards had the higher SOM andconstant element content, followed by the young orchards, while the full fruit orchards withfertilizer were lower. Compared aging orchards and full fruit orchard, SOM content improved41.19%(0-20cm) and42.67%(20-40cm), total N improved65.06%(0-20cm) and44.18%(20-40cm). The avail Mn content was higher in full fruit orchards. The leaves N, Mg, Zn,Mn content were relatively high in young orchards, followed by aging orchards and full fruitorchards were the lowest. Apple fruit quality and age have a certain relationship, comparedthe three age of orchard, soluble solids and vitamin c content of full fruit orchards wererelatively high, increased by2.55%,4.46%and11.83%,20.46%respectively compared with young orchard and aging orchards correspondingly; titratable acidity content was moderate,improve by12.5%compared with young orchards and reduced12.90%compared with agingorchards.3. The effect of applying different organic fertilizer differed in orchards. Compared withcontrol(chemical fertilizer only), high level of organic fertilizer I in spring can increaseleaves Cu content by26.27%in young orchards and increase leaves Ca, Zn, Mn content by29.52%,39.01%,23.80%respectively in aging orchards, in summer can make leaves P, Zncontent increased by30.20%,15.30%in young orchards,make leaves P, Mg content increasedby14.54%,17.86%in full fruit orchards and make leaves Mn increased by27.51%in agingorchards. High level of organic fertilizer II in spring can increase leaves K, Ca, Mn, Zncontent by18.06%,27.86%,22.15%and51.73%(compared with control)in aging orchards, insummer can increase leaves P content by17.54%in young orchards and increase leaves Ca,Cu, Zn, Mn by27.55%,56.92%,27.67%,36.61%in aging orchards. Relatively speaking,organic fertilizer I had obvious effect in young and full fruit orchards, while organic fertilizerII had obvious effect in aging orchards.4. Apple leaves nutrient have regular changes with seasons change. From the spring tosummer, the leaves organic carbon, nitrogen(young orchard), phosphorus, calcium, copper,zinc, iron and manganese content increased, while leaves nitrogen(full fruit orchard and agingorchard),potassium and magnesium decreased.5. With the increase of the amount of organic fertilizer, fruit firmness, soluble solids andvitamin C showed an increasing trend. Compared with control of chemical fertilizer, highlevel of organic fertilizer I and II increased these project by0.70%~1.11%,3.27%~18.21%,4.3%~7.37%and0.84%~1.25,2.97%~13.55%,1.43%~6.56%respectively. High level oforganic fertilizer I made the soluble solids had the significant growth. Relatively speaking, theimpact of organic fertilizer in apple quality of young and full fruit orchards was more evidentthan aging orchards.6. Preliminary studied the relationship between leaf nutrient and fruit quality. In the twosampling periods, the fruit firmness and leaves organic matter, nitrogen, magnesium weresignificantly correlated. Titratable acid and leaves phosphorus, potassium were significantlycorrelated. Fruit vitamin C and leaves calcium was significantly negatively correlated. |
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