Effect Of Different Cropping Zone On Grape Berry And Wine Quality From The Vertical Single Cordons

Wine grape quality, as a fundamental factor to the quality of wine, depends on theinteraction of its own internal factors and external environmental conditions. At present, formost areas where vines must be covered with soil in winter, traditional vines like fan-shapedvines, vertical single cordons and single cordons almost adopted in the grape. Three winegraper varieties, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Chardonnay planted inYuquanying farm, Ningxia Province, were used to inverstigate the effect of fruiting zoneheight on the Fruit ripening process, Mature Fruit quality and Wine quality, To lay thefoundation for the further tree transformation. The main results showed that:(1) The reducing sugar content of grape in different bearing section of Merlot andCabernet Sauvignon were manifested by upper, middle﹥lower, while Chardonnay showedmiddle﹥upper﹥lower; total acid content of the three varieties in different bearing sectionwere manifested by lower﹥middle﹥upper. There is no identical rule in the residual sugar,total acid content of wine, but they were in the normal range.(2) The contents of total phenols, total anthocyaninsins, total flavonoids and tannins ofgrape skins and wine in different bearing section of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon weremanifested by upper﹥middle﹥lower; the contents of total phenols, total anthocyaninsins, inChardonnay grape skins and wines were by upper﹥middle﹥lower, while the contents oftotal flavonoids in Chardonnay grapes skins and wines were manifested upper﹥lower﹥middle.(3) In Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon grape skins, the content percentages ofanthocyanins cyanidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside in differentbearing positions of skins showed upper﹥middle﹥lower. In the wines made by Merlot andCabernet Sauvignon grapes in different bearing positions, all the single/total content ratios offive anthocyanins including cyanidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucosi-de, peonidin-(acetyl)-peonidin-(acetyl)-glucoside had a tendency of upper﹥middle﹥lower.(4) In Merlot，Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay，grape skins, five non-anthocyaninphenolics total content of flavonols, flavanols, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, stilbenes indifferent bearing positions showed upper﹥middle﹥lower. The content ratio of flavanols,benzoic acid, cinnamic acid,in different bearing positions of the three varieties hadthe tendency of middle﹥upper﹥lower. In the wines,the content ratio of flavanols, benzoicacid, cinnamic acid, stilbenes showed middle﹥upper and lower.(5) In Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, the total aroma contents were perfermed byupper> middle> lower, while in the Chardonnay, they were showed by upper> lower>middle, the content percentages of mainly aromas, esters in different bearing positions of thethree grapes also showed by upper> middle> lower. In Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon andChardonnay wines, the total aroma contents were perfermed by upper middle> lower,the content percentages of mainly aromas, esters and alcohols, in differentbearing positionsalso showed upper>middle> lower.(6) There are significant differences among the berries and wines from the differentbearing zone grapes cultivated with Vertical Single Cordons. Gerenerly the upper or middlefruiting zone were better than the lower. So it was recommend that change the grape shapingmethods to make the fruit maturation quality and the height of bearing zone remain the same,and lay the foundation for the production of high quality wine.