Research On Occurrence And Response Measures On Recessive Disasters Of Wheat In Shanxi Province

For a comprehensive grasp of recessive disasters of wheat situation in Shanxi Province. In order to take recessive disasters’prevention and control measures to promote the development of wheat industry, in this paper, we collected and sorted meteorological data during wheat growth period, wheat production’s survey data, the late drought, cold, hot-dry wind and other recessive disasters and disaster situation for nearly three years (2009-2011years) of six demonstration county in Shanxi Province (Yaodu area, Hongdong county, Quwo county, Xiangfen county, Wenxi county, and Zezhou county). On the basis of the summary of deal with recessive disaster technical measures of the six demonstration countys, combined with our research in recent years, we put forward the prevention, control and remedial measure for science to take, and for better promote the rapid development of wheat industry, so as to provide theoretical basis for guiding our wheat production in Shanxi Province.Wheat played an important role in crop production in shanxi, is one of the most large area crop. Shanxi Province from the south to north, in addition to high altitude mountainous area (>1200m)can be plantde wheat, planting area is about1million hm2every year.The area is divided into three areas:Winter in autumn sowing wheat areas including Linfen, Yuncheng and Jincheng, Strong winter variety of vegetable wheat areas including central of Taiyuan, Jinzhong, Changzhi, Luliang, Xinzhou and other cities. Spring in spring sowing wheat areas including north of Datong, Shuozhou (Xinzhou can also plant spring wheat).Since the21st century, exception of climate change and increase in extreme weather’s influence of agricultural production is more and more big. Recessive disasters of wheat occurred frequently. Recessive disaster is the major natural disasters on wheat, once happened, difficult to control, damage and loss is great. Recessive disasters of wheat in Shanxi Province mainly includes three aspects:one is the drought. The critical period of wheat growth, especially in seedling stage before winter, spring jointing stage to booting stage, flowering grain-filling stage usually happen drought in a long time. Drought is one of the biggest constraints in wheat production in Shanxi Province, leading to low and unstable per unit and total output. In2009, the drought happed in four seasons since50years ago, resulting in wheat drought-hit area of826.9millions of acres, which severely drought-hit area of602.3millions of acres, eventually leading to39millions of acres wheat crops failure; Second, the low temperature cold and frost. Including cold winter and cold spell in spring.In2010, due to wheat in Shanxi Province during birth, continuous low temperature, low temperature cool snow early frequent freezing injury and other reasons. The catcher in the seas, or tip yellow leaf, appear cold dead plants, causing part of the wheat fields wheat young ear tender bine under cold water loss, death, many field earing rate only50%; Third, the high temperature. Including the late high temperature and the dry-hot wind. On June13to18,2009, Quwo county, Xiangfen county,Hongdong county and Yaodu area appeared above35℃high temperature weather. The mature period of wheat are expected to ripening by2-4days, thousand seed weight reduced0.5-1.0g.In view of the wheat hidden disaster situation in Shanxi Province, control or remedial measures should be taken:Selects the comprehensive resistance good varieties; Improve the quality of ploughing sow, strengthen the crackdown after seeding; Winter water moved forward、limited irrigation free from the soil、 promote tillers and increase roots; Jointing stage incremental irrigation, resist late frost frost damage; Well hidden disaster prediction; To carry out various forms of training, strengthen the wheat growers subclinical disaster consciousness, improve the quality of science and technology.